传统渔业活动对广西英罗港红树林区渔业资源的影响与-生物多样性.PDFVIP

生物多样性 　1996 ,4 (3) :167～174 CHIN ESE BIODIV ERSIT Y 传统渔业活动对广西英罗港红树林区 渔业资源的影响与管理对策 范航清 　　何斌源 　　韦受庆 (广西红树林研究中心 , 　北海　536000) 摘 　要 　广西英罗港红树林区滩涂和光滩潮水中大型底栖动物和游泳动物曾很丰富。近 4 年来由于海 鲜价格不断提高 ,林区的人为滥捕已使大型底栖动物和游泳动物的数量分别下降了约 60 %和 80 % 。捕 获方式有挖掘滩涂底栖动物 ,在红树林光滩潮水和林内潮沟进行网捕、炸鱼和毒鱼 , 网眼小至 0. 25 cm 。 传统的捕获萎缩了生态食物网的通量 ,破碎了生境 ,威胁着种群的繁衍。由于红树林区的渔业多少是当 地群众的生计 ,完全封闭滩涂进行保育目前不可能。为此建议对英罗港红树林区滩涂施行封滩轮育 , 同 时加强公众教育。 关键词 　传统渔业活动 ,影响 ,红树林渔业 ,封滩轮育 Influences of traditional f ishing on the mangrove f isheries and management countermeasures in Yingluo Bay , Guangxi Province/ Fan Hangqing , He Binyuan , Wei Shouqing / / CHINESE BIODIVERSITY. —1996 ,4( 3) : 167～174 Benthic macrofauna and nektons used to be abundant on the tidal flats and mangrove exposed tidal waters in the mangrove zone of Yingluo Bay , Guangxi. However ,their amounts decreased by about 60 % and 80 % re spectively in the past four years. This was directly caused by human uncontrolled collection of the species that have increasing commercial values at the markets. The methods of collection included digging macrobenthos on tidal flats ,netting ,bombing and poisoning fish in mangroveexposed tidal waters and water ways. The mesh size of the nets was usually as small as 0. 25 cm. These traditional fishing activities extremely decreased the flow of matter and energy among the mangrove food web ,fragmented animal habitats ,and endangered the sur vival of populations. The mangrove fishery was whatever vital for the local residents ,thus entire close of the mangrove tidal flat for conservation is impossible at present. So ,a techni