高考英语专项精讲精练：限制性定语从句.docxVIP

复习限制性定语从句 概念引入 定语从句是我们从初中学到高一，又从高一学到高二，可能是出现最频繁的语法项目，在这个单元里，我们复习一下定语从句的用法，重点复习运用限制性定语从句时的注意要点。 先看下面句子： 1. I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talked about. 2. The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows. 3. We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.4. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.这些句子中斜体词部分就是定语从句，其中句1中包括两个定语从句：① which引导的修饰photos；② the places后的I talked about是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰the places。句2中who引导的定语从句修饰boys；句3中是where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge；句4中I could see是省略了引导词that的定语从句修饰possessions。下面我们就来对限制性定语从句的用法进行梳理和总结。为了不影响分析，下文中简单的句子，就不译成汉语了用法讲解定语从句及相关名词的定义1. 什么是定语从句？ 指在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。2. 先行词：即被修饰的名词、代词或短语，定语从句通常置于在先行词之后。3. 引导词：定语从句的引导词也称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两种，放定语从句前，引出定语从句。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作一定的成分。关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as关系副词：when, where, why(此处为空白，为了表格完整留出)关系代词和关系副词的用法常见关系代词和关系副词用法表先行词物人人、物地点时间reason从句中的成分主语宾语主语宾语定语地点状语时间状语原因状语关系代词which√√that√√√√who√√whom√whose√关系副词where√when√why√注：as用法特殊，没有列入表中。选择关系代词的步骤：1. 找到定语从句和先行词；2. 把先行词放定语从句中确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分，注意介词的位置；3. 确定是否是特殊用法；4. 选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。小口诀：一看指人还是物二看介词在何处三看句中作何用四看是否属特殊试填细解试在下面句子中填入关系词：This is the detective ____ came from London.The lady ____ they wanted to visit is a scientist.The book ____I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.This is the room ____ Shakespeare was born in.The desk ____ leg is broken is very old.I will never forget the day ____ I met the famous astronaut.Everyone wants to visit the place ____ Premier Zhou once worked.We don’t know the reason ____they didn’t keep their promise.分析：This is the detective who/that came from London.先行词是人，关系词代表先行词在从句中作主语，填入who或that。The lady whom/that they wanted to visit is a scientist.先行词是人，关系词代表先行词在从句中作宾语，填入whom或that。The book which/