抗菌药物概论24292推荐.pptVIP

联合用（体外与动物试验）结果： 1+2：协同（增强） 1+3：拮抗（可能） 2+3：协同（增强或相加） 1+4：协同 * 影响联合用药的因素 菌种与菌株 药物的剂量及给药顺序 * 三、肝肾功能损害时抗菌药的应用 肾功能损害： 主要经肾排泄的药物*宜↓量和/或↑给药间隔时间 避免使用对肾有毒性的药物： 万古霉素、氨基甙类、两性霉素B等 * 肾功能不全时抗菌药的应用 肾功能不全 给药量 轻度 中度 重度 2/3 1/2~1/5 1/5~1/10 * （1）肝功能↓慎用或忌用： 氯霉素、林可霉素、红霉素、利福平、四环素等 （2）早产儿、新生儿：忌用氯霉素 肝功能不全： * INTRADUCTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Special terms Chemotherapy ------ is the treatment of diseases caused by microbial, parasite, malignant cells Antimicrobial Spectrum ------ is the range of antimicrobial action. It means the number of microorganism that the drug can suppress or kill * Bacteriostatic Versus Bactericidal ------ be sure know the difference. However, these terms are relative and not always accurate Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ------ The lowest concentration of the drug that inhibits growth of the organism Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ------The minimum concentration for killing 99.9% of testing microorganisms * Chemotherapeutic Index (CI) ------used to evaluate the safety of the chemotherapeutic drugs, expressed as LD50/ED50 or LD5/ED95 value, the larger of the value, the safer of the body Postantibiotic effect (PAE) ------ The effect after the concentration decreased below MIC. Usually measured by hours * Antibiotic resistance When an antibiotic is ineffective against a bacterium, it is said to be resistant. Resistance to antibiotics can be acquired or innate Resistance of bacteria to an antibiotic can occur by mutation, adaptation, or gene transfer * First, make absolutely sure that you understand the general principles of therapy and some definition Second, be aware of the classes of antibiotics and mechanism of action for the class. Note any features that are common to all drugs in the class Where To Start * Third, learn the particular adverse effects or special features of administration for the drugs in the class. Do any of the drugs cause potentially fatal side effects? Fourth, learn the broad categories of bacterial spectru