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Watermarking semi-Structure data 黄华军 What is the semi-structure data? Semi-structures are characterized by value lying both in the structure itself and in the individual nodes. Examples : XML documents Complex Web Content Relational DBMS Data etc. Problems Challenges In most media watermarking, the noise-band is usually the main recipient; Problems: Lack of bandwidth; Trade-offs Challenges: Discovering appropriate bandwidth channels; Using them in a most efficient and resilient way; The Model Structure watermarking Understand the application Understand the essence of the cover text XML XML (Extensible Markup Language ) is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML . Originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere Tags, elements, and attributes A tag is the text between the left angle bracket () and the right angle bracket (). There are starting tags (such as name) and ending tags (such as /name) An element is the starting tag, the ending tag, and everything in between. In the sample above, the name element contains three child elements: title, first-name, and last-name. An attribute is a name-value pair inside the starting tag of an element. In this example, state is an attribute of the city element; in earlier examples, state was an element Invalid, valid, and well-formed XNL documents Invalid documents dont follow the syntax rules defined by the XML specification. If a developer has defined rules for what the document can contain in a DTD or schema, and the document doesnt follow those rules, that document is invalid as well. Valid documents follow both the XML syntax rules and the rules defined in their DTD or schema. Well-formed documents follow the XML syntax rules but dont have a DTD or schema. well-formed XML documents 1、The root element