英语语法之31限定词.ppt

第 5 讲：限定词（一）;一、数量限定词（表示名词的数量）;2、数量词与of连用;⑵many, a few, few, several, both, two, three of＋特指限定词＋复数可数名词。比较：Many students are good at English. Many of students are good at English.Many of these students are good at English.⑶much, a little, little of＋特指限定词＋不可数名词。比较：Much water is wasted.Much of water is wasted.Much of the water is wasted.注：以上 这些“特指限定词”包括：this, that, these, those; my, their, John’s等名词所有格；the ;⑷其他数量词如a lot of, lots of, a couple of, plenty of, a number of, a great deal of一般直接与名词连用。;3、数量词a few, few, a little, little ;⑵ 在疑问句中，我们多数情况用any，但是在表示我们期待一个正面回答或要鼓励对方说“是”时，要用some在疑问句中。例如：①Have you got any medicine to cure your cough?②Would you like to give me some advice? ③Can I have some more wine?⑶ any可以表示“无论哪一个，任何一个”，此时可用于任何类型的句子。例如：You can catch any bus. They all go to the railway station. ;二、冠词;2、名词与冠词使用的重要技巧从名词角度来看，对于名词与冠词的使用，以下几条是核心：⑴ 单数可数名词：单数可数名词不能单独使用，必须与冠词或其它限定词连用。⑵ 复数名词和不可数名词：对于复数名词和不可数名词，以下两点必须掌握：1）不能与不定冠词a(n)连用。2）复数名词或不可数名词在表示泛指时，不可用the。复数名词或不可数名词在表示特指时，要用the。;例如：①Life is hard sometimes. ∕ Life is education in itself. ∕ The writer is writing a book about the life of blacks in America. ②I love music, poetry and art. ∕ I don’t like the film, but I like the music (of the film). ③Air is a colorless and tasteless gas. ∕ The air in this room is stuffy. Please open the windows.④Books become more and more expensive. ∕ Put away the books on your desk. ⑤Pencils contain lead (铅). ∕ Who put the pencils on the desk?⑥Sugar isn’t very good for you. ∕ Can you pass me the sugar, please?请注意，表示特指的复数可数名词或不可数名词，他们一般带有各种短语或从句作后置定语，以限定这些名词所指的事物范围。;3、冠词的用法;⑵ 在谈到说话人和听话人双方都知道的事物时，要用the。比如在自己家的房间里，我们要说the light, the floor, the door, the window, the carpet。例如：①Can you turn off the light, please? (＝the light in our room)②Shut the door, please!③How do you like the film?④A: Do you need the car today, honey? B: Yes. I have a lot of things to do. Why don’t I drive you to work today? C: OK. But be sure to fill the car up with gas.;⑶ 表