康辉《数据库系统概念》教学课件4.pptVIP

ODBC and JDBC API (application-program interface) for a program to interact with a database server Application makes calls to Connect with the database server Send SQL commands to the database server Fetch tuples of result one-by-one into program variables ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) works with C, C++, C#, and Visual Basic JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) works with Java ODBC Open DataBase Connectivity(ODBC) standard standard for application program to communicate with a database server. application program interface (API) to open a connection with a database, send queries and updates, get back results. Applications such as GUI, spreadsheets, etc. can use ODBC ODBC (Cont.) Each database system supporting ODBC provides a driver library that must be linked with the client program. When client program makes an ODBC API call, the code in the library communicates with the server to carry out the requested action, and fetch results. ODBC program first allocates an SQL environment, then a database connection handle. Opens database connection using SQLConnect(). Parameters for SQLConnect: connection handle, the server to which to connect the user identifier, password Must also specify types of arguments: SQL_NTS denotes previous argument is a null-terminated string. ODBC Code int ODBCexample() { RETCODE error; HENV env; /* environment */ HDBC conn; /* database connection */ SQLAllocEnv(env); SQLAllocConnect(env, conn); SQLConnect(conn, , SQL_NTS, avi, SQL_NTS, avipasswd, SQL_NTS); { …. Do actual work … } SQLDisconnect(conn); SQLFreeConnect(conn); SQLFreeEnv(env); } ODBC Code (Cont.) Program sends SQL commands to the database by using SQLExecDirect Result tuples are fetched using SQLFetch() SQLBindCol() binds C language variables to attributes of the query result When a tuple is fetched, its attribute values are automatically stored in corresponding C variables. Arguments to SQLBindCol() ODBC stmt variable, attrib