碳微米管复合材料的制备及在超级电容器中的应用-光学专业论文.docx

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2018-05-05 发布于上海
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碳微米管复合材料的制备及在超级电容器中的应用-光学专业论文.docx

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碳微米管复合材料的制备及在超级电容器中的应用-光学专业论文

AbstractInrecentyears,supercapacitorswithhighpowerdensityandlong-termcyclingstabilityhave beenextensivelyexploredandbecomeanurgentlydemandedenergytechnologiestoversatile applicationsinhighpowerelectronicdevices,electricvehiclesorhybridelectricvehicles.Aswell known,electrodematerialsarethecoreandofvitalimportanceforthefurtherdevelopmentof supercapacitors.Nowadays,carbonmaterialshaveattractedintenseinterestsaselectrodematerials forelectrochemicalcapacitors,becauseoftheirhighsurfacearea,goodelectricalconductivity,high chemicalstabilityandlowcost.Amongcurrentlyrearchedcarbonmaterials,carbonmicrotubes (CMTs)arebelievedtobeatypeofidealelectrodematerialsbecausetheirtubularstructurecanbe filledwith guest moleculesand serveas microchannels forion ormoleculartransport.Many artificialmethodshavebeendevelopedtoprepareCMTsbuttheirlarge-scaleproductionisstilla bigchallenge.Recently,wehaveputforwardaroutetoprepareCMTsfromplantbiomasssuchas willowandpoplarcatkinsbysimplecarbonization,whichprovidesanovelmethodtorealizethe massproductionofCMTsandtheresourceutilizationofthesepollutantssimultaneously.Inthis thesis,wearefocusingonthefurtherimprovementofenergydensityandcapacitanceofCMTsby modulatingtheirstructure—producingporesbyactivation,synthesizingcarbonnanotube (CNT)-CMT andmetaloxide-CMT composites.Themaincontentsofthisthesisaresummarizedas follows:ActivatedCMTshavebeenpreparedfromcarbonmicrotubesbythechemicalactivationofZnCl2 firstly,thenweinvestigatedtheeffectsofdifferentactivationtemperatureonthestructureand propertiesofmaterials.Theas-synthesizedporousCMTshavelargeBrunauer-Emmett-Teller surfaceareasofupto1400m2/gandacomplexporousstructurewiththe predominant micropores(80%)andsmallpartofmesopores(20%).Two-electrodesupercapacitorcells constructedwiththeactivatedCMTsyieldhighervaluesofgravimetriccapacitanceandenergy densitywithaqueouselectrolyteaswellascomparablestabilityincomparisonwiththe commercialactivatedcarbon(AC).TheactivatedCMTsyieldaspecificcapacitanceof206F/g andanenergy