清华经济学原理课件2像经济学家一样思考.pptVIP

* 31 * 32 * 32 * 35 * 36 * 相关性不意味着因果关系（反向因果关系） Correlation does not mean causality (reverse causality) 犯罪率 警察数目 * 经济学家的两种作用Two Roles of Economists 作为科学家的经济学家：解释世界 As a scientist: to explain the world 作为政策顾问的经济学家：改变世界 As a policy advisor: to change the world * 实证分析与规范分析Positive versus Normative Analysis 实证表述：世界是怎样的 Positive statements are statements that describe the world as it is. 规范表述：世界应该怎样 Normative statements are statements about how the world should be. * 实证表述还是规范表述？Positive or Normative Statements? 最低工资的增加导致非熟练工人就业的下降 Minimum wage reduces employment of unskilled workers 政府应该提高最低工资