网084蒋超英1语论文.docVIP

Abstract Computer Network Security Theory and Practice introduces to the reader a complete and concise view of network security. It provides in-depth theoretical coverage of recent advancements and practical solutions to network security threats. This book can be used for a one-semester network security course for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students, as well as a reference for IT professionals. Computer Security I. Threats to Computer Security ??? Threats to computer security are computer crimes （including viruses and electronic break-ins） and natural and other hazards. ??? 1. Computer Criminals A computer crime is an illegal action in which the perpetrator uses special knowledge of computer technology. Computer criminals are of four types: ??? （1） Employees The largest category of computer criminals consists of those with the easiest access to computers-namely, employees. Sometimes the employee is simply trying to steal something from the employer-equipment, software, electronic funds, proprietary information, or computer time. ??? Sometimes the employee may be acting out of resentment and is trying to get back at the company. ??? （2） Outside Users Not only employees but also some suppliers or clients may have access to a companys computer system. Examples are bank customers who use an automatic teller machine. Like employees, these authorized users mayobtain confidential passwords or find other ways of committing computer crimes. ??? （3） “Hackers” and “Crackers” ??? Some people think of these two groups as being the same, but they are not. Hackers are people who gain unauthorized access to a computer system for the fun and challenge of it. Crackers do the same thing but for malicious purposes. They may intend to steal technical information or to introduce what they call a “bomb”-a destructive computer program-into the system. ??? （4） Organized Crime Organized crime has discovered that computers can be used just like legitimate business people u