英语专业四级语法汇总上.pptVIP

英语专业四级考试语法汇总(上) Chapter 1 独立主格 独立主格 （一) 构成： 名词/代词+现在分词 / 过去分词／不定式 名词(代词)+（being）形容词 / 副词 / 名词 / 介词短语 （二） 特点：　　1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在, 一般有逗号与主句分开。　　2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 　　3）独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是,独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致 。 (三) 功能 独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句(但是状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致) ,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系, The test finished, we began our holiday. 工作完成，我们回家． Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　 Rose泪流满面，仰望Jack，突然她 (从救生艇) 跳回了Titanic. --- Titanic He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 　　 电脑虽小，用途广泛．/ 天气不错，于是我外出散步． He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 山谷里有条河，两岸鲜花盛开． The lights off, we could not go on with the work 会议结束，他匆忙赶回家． The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 他提议一次野餐，他本人出钱买火车票，而ＪＯＨＮ提供食物． 武松打虎，唯一的武器是一根哨棒． 人生是很短暂的，而其中能静下心来读书的时间就更少．我们不应该浪费宝贵的时间去读那些毫无价值的书. --- John Ruskin 区别“悬垂分词” 而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的逻辑主语,语法上称作“悬垂分词”，多用于科技文写作．　 　　 When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. (人们)种这些花时必须小心,不要损坏了花根。 常见固定结构 Generally speaking ；Frankly speaking ；Judging from ；Supposing； e.g. Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs． To be honest； to be sure ； to tell you the truth to cut a long story short ； to be frank ； to make matters / things worse Chapter 2 比较结构 比较结构 考点一： 原级比较一般用 as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ; 　 　The work is not as difficult as you think. A pen to a writer is as important as arms to a soldier. the same …as 比较的两个事物的动词都是一致的，所以as后有大量省略。 The third verb phrase discussed here should have the same grammatical form as the first two. 特殊结构 A is to B what X is to Y ; 　　　A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 　 Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.　 　 This book is twice as thick as that one. 考点2：在 more/less … than 结构中， than 有时可看作关系代词，相当于than what… There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer