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Adverbial clauses 一:Categories of adverbial clauses 二:Inversion in adverbial clauses 三:Special aspects in comparison 四:Conversion between adverbial clauses and reduced structures 一:Categories of adverbial clauses: 9 kinds Logical concepts conveyed: Time, reason, concession, condition, result, place, purpose, result condition Revision: Correct the following mistakes 1. Catholic churches were completed during others were being built. during----while 2. Some of the first aerial photographs were taken from a balloon while the Civil War in the United States. while---during 二:Inversion in adverbial clauses introduced with “as” 1.Inversion introduced with “be” 1. inversion introduced with “as” Form: inverted part + as + SV Inverted part: adj、adverbial、 participles、NP、VP Chinese corresponding expression:尽管 1) Poor as they were, they gave money to charity. = Although they were poor,… 2) Much as I admired his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 3)尽管他很傻，但他还是想法摆脱了追捕他的人 (evade; pursuers) Fool as he was, he managed to evade his pursuers. 名词提前，不需使用冠词 4)尽管我失败了，我不会放弃自己的目标 Fail as I did, I would not abandon my goal. 5)尽管他输了，他却不会轻易放弃他的打算。 Defeated as he was, he would not easily give up his attempt. 2. Inversion introduced with “be” Be + NP + predicative, matrix clause Be 无论 1). All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. =…, whether they are large or small. 2)无论他对还是错，他需要你的全力支持。 Be he right or wrong, he needs all the support you can give him. = Whether he is right or wrong,… 3)无论是气体、液体还是固体，所有的物质都是由原子构成的。 All substances, be they gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms. =…, whether they are gaseous, liquid or solid, … Revision: Error correction: Much that I have traveled，I have never seen anyone equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. ---Much as I have traveled,… 尽管我到过很多地方，我还没见有人在工作上胜过她。无论干什么，她总是干得很完美。 __________(不论一个人有多么聪明) ，if he does not learn, he knows n