清华大学电机系电力电子课程.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Thyristor AC-DC Converters Thyristor Triggering The End * * Power Electronics Thyristor Converter - two-quadrant converter Thyristor AC-DC AC/DC Conversion: rectifying mode inverting mode a line-frequency thyristor converter: ? a line-frequency AC voltage ? a controlled DC voltage Controlled by firing delay angle ? — relative to supply voltage zero? Vd = 1/(2?) ??? Vsmax sin? d? = Vsmax/(2?) ? (1+cos?) Commutating Diode two roles: 1) prevent negative load voltage; 2) allow the thyristor to regain its blocking state at the voltage zero by transferring the load current away from the thyristor. Current continuous discontinuous A Simple Circuit Thyristor AC-DC ICs available Thyristor AC-DC Single-phase Bridge? Thyristor AC-DC vT ig1,2 ig3,4 Vd = 1/? ???-? Vsmaxsin? d? = 2Vsmax/? ? cos? Average DC Output Voltage Single-phase Bridge? Thyristor AC-DC Input Line-Current and its Harmonics Power and reactive power Is1 = 0.9Id PF = 0.9cos? Thyristor AC-DC Single-phase Bridge? Finite ac-side inductance vs = Vsmaxsin(?t+?) = Ls dis/dt [t = 0, is = -Id] [?t = u (overlap angle), is = Id] Thyristor AC-DC Single-phase Bridge? Inverting Mode ( ? 90°) extinction angle ? ? = 180 - ? - u ? min 5° Rectifying mode: ? 90 Inverting mode: ?: 90 ~ 180- ?min Thyristor AC-DC Single-phase Bridge? Vd = 3/? Vline(max) ? cos? Three-phase Bridge? Starting problem: In order to start the circuit functioning, two thyristors must be fired at the same time in order to commence current flow. Thyristor AC-DC Thyristor AC-DC Three-phase Bridge? DC-side voltage waveforms Input Line-Current and its Harmonics Is1 = 0.78Id PF = 0.955cos? AC-side inductance included Current Commutation Waveforms va - vc = Vline(max)sin (?t+?) = 2Lsdia/dt [ t = 0, ia = 0 ] [ ?t = u , ia = Id ] Thyristor AC-DC Three-phase Bridge?