虚拟语气精品文档,讲与练及答案.docVIP

高考英语语法复习学案（） （一）“if”虚拟条件句 主从句谓语动词的构成 情 况 从句谓语动词的构成 主句谓语动词的构成 与现在事实相反 过去式（be用were） should/would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might +have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式（be用were） should+动词原形were+不定式 should/would/could/might+动词原形 If he were here, he would help us.如果他在这里，他会帮助我们的。 If I had been free at that time, I would have visited you.如果那时我有空的话，我就拜访你了。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去野营。 （二）省略“if”的虚拟条件句 将虚拟条件从句中的“were，had，should”放到主语之前，构成部分倒装 Should he come, tell him to ring me up.如果他来，告诉他让他给我打电话。 Were I you, I would not do it.如果我是你，我就不做。 Had I been free, I would have visited you.如果我有空的话，我就拜访你了。 （三）混合虚拟条件句 1.不同时间的虚拟，遵守相应的规则 If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. 要是他听了我的话，现在就不会有麻烦了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反） If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. 要是他昨天告诉我了，我就知道现在做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加他的生日聚会了。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反） 2.虚拟与陈述的混合，遵守相应的规则 He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. 他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。 You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. 你应该早一点来的，汽车刚走一会儿。（四）含蓄虚拟条件句：即不用“if”而用其它形式给出虚拟条件 1.用“but for+名词”表示虚拟条件 —Did you make it at last? 你们最后成功了吗？ —Yes. But for your help, it would have caused a serious loss.成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。 2.用“without+名词”表示虚拟条件 Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. 如果没有电的话，人类今天的生活就会大为不同。 .用“副词otherwise”表示虚拟条件 I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。 .用“连词but连接的句子”表示隐含的虚拟条件 He _________fatter but he eats too little. A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 【解析】答案为A。从后句“但是他吃得太少”来看，隐含着虚拟即：如果他吃得多点，就会胖些了。 （五）特殊句式虚拟结构 1表示命令、要求、建议的动词后的宾语从句中虚拟语气用。常见动词：一个坚持：insist；两个命令：order, command；三个建议：advise, suggest, propose；五个要求：demand, require, request, desire，ask。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should ＋动词原形， should省略He suggested that we (should)not change our mind.他建议我们不要改变主意。 He insiste