耐盐型阴离子微乳液的研究.docVIP

摘　　要 十二烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)是一种优良的驱油用表面活性剂，但存在耐盐能力不足。醇醚硫酸盐(AES)是人们最新设计出的非离子-阴离子复合型表面活性剂耐盐性特好，且兼具有非离子和阴离子表面活性剂的优点但AS耐盐能力的效应。容忍度被定义为使一定浓度的表面活性剂溶液不出现明显相分离的最大盐浓度，其值可借助于分光光度法确定。结果表明，容忍度与最佳盐度具有正相关性，两者皆能很好地表征表面活性剂体系的耐盐性。 在室温下，质量分数为0.5%的单一LAS钠盐溶液对典型电解质NaCl、CaCl2的容忍度仅为18、0.95 g·L-1。加入AES钠盐，混合体系对两种无机盐的容忍度随AES钠盐含量的增加而增加，当AES钠盐摩尔分数达到0.5时，相应的容忍度分别增加到150、310.78 g·L-1。以正己烷为油相，正丁醇为助表面活性剂制备微乳液，单一LAS钠盐微乳体系对NaCl的最佳盐度(s*)为3.04 g ·L-1，而LAS/AES混合物微乳体系的s*随混合物中AES摩尔分数的增加而增加。当AES钠盐摩尔分数分别为0.1，0.3和0.5时，混合物微乳体系的s*分别达到4.03，8.06和12.10 g NaCl·L-1。对二价电解质CaCl2 进行盐度扫描，混合体系当AES摩尔分数达到0.3以上时可以获得中相微乳液，显示较大的s*。另一方面，随混合体系中AES摩尔分数的增加最佳增溶参数显示有最大值，因此过多地加入AES将导致体系的增溶能力下降，意味着可能失去超低界面张力。因此混合物中AES钠盐的摩尔分数以0.3~0.5为佳。 关键词：LAS，AES，耐盐性，容忍度，微乳液，最佳盐度 The Preparation of salt tolerant anionic microemulsion Abstract Dodecyl alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) is a good surfactant for enhanced oil recovery, but it suffers from a problem of poor salt tolerance. This paper tries to study the possibility of improving the salt tolerance of LAS by mixing with alkylpolyoxy-ethylene ether sulfate (AES), a surfactant with high salt tolerance. Microemulsion, with thermal stability and the nature of ultra-low interfacial tension, are widely used in tertiary oil recovery. After Obtained microemulsion, tolerant salinity was used in this method of scanning and preliminary study of its performance The effects of adding AES on improving the salt tolerance of LAS was studied by means of “tolerant salinity” of surfactant solutions and the optimum salinity, s*, of microemulsions. The tolerant salinity is defined as the maximum salt concentration at which no phase separation appears for a surfactant in aqueous solution at certain concentration and can be determined using spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the tolerant salinity is positively related to s*, and both are good parameters for characterizing the salt tolerance of a surfactant in aqueous solutions. At 15(C the tolerant salinity of LAS in solution at a mass fraction of 0.5% to three typ