基于不同信号放大策略的几种电化学生物传感器分析-analysis of several electrochemical biosensors based on different signal amplification strategies.docx
基于不同信号放大策略的几种电化学生物传感器分析-analysis of several electrochemical biosensors based on different signal amplification strategies
估抗氧化剂的性能。(3)基于AuNPs的电子转移能力以及它与单链适体间的特殊吸附作用,发展了一种新型的电化学适体传感器,用于对三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的灵敏检测。由于金与含氮碱基之间的结合作用,修饰在金电极上的ATP适体(ABA)可以直接吸附AuNPs。带负电的电活性物质[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-可以通过AuNPs完成与电极间的电子转移。当目标物ATP存在时,形成的ABA-ATP复合物不能吸附AuNPs,且DNA磷酸骨架和ATP都带负电,造成了较大的电子转移电阻。基于此,利用AuNPs 作为信号放大因子,发展了一种简单且灵敏的ATP检测法。结果表明,该传感器无需对AuNPs进行额外的修饰,即可实现对ATP的灵敏检测,检测下限低至0.54 nM。这种方法有望与其他功能化的DNA结合实现对更多目标物的检测。(4)利用石墨烯(GN)对抗坏血酸(AA)氧化的优良电催化性能,发展了一种新型的免标记电化学适体传感器,用于对ATP的灵敏检测。巯基化的ATP 适体(ABA)修饰在Au电极上,GN通过与ABA之间的π-π堆积作用吸附到电极表面,产生较强的AA氧化信号。ATP存在时,ATP与ABA结合,使得GN从传感界面脱落,AA的氧化峰电流明显减弱,相应的氧化峰电位正移。该传感器可以同时以AA的氧化峰电流和峰电位的变化值为响应信号,完成对ATP的检测。纳米催化剂GN,作为一种信号放大因子,有望应用于更多的电化学DNA传感器中。(5)基于新型的双信号放大策略,发展了一种简单的电化学适体传感器,用于对ATP灵敏、选择性检测。该适体传感器包含着“信号增强”和“信号减弱” 两种传感机理的特点。MB修饰的巯基化DNA(MB-P)首先固定在Au电极表面,与二茂铁(Fc)修饰的适体探针(Fc-P)杂交,形成刚性的双链DNA。ATP存在时,ATP与适体间的结合使得适体从双链DNA中解离出来。Fc-P离开传感界面,单链的MB-P通过两端的互补碱基进行杂交,形成发夹结构。这些构象的变化,导致了Fc氧化峰电流减小,而MB的信号增加,这两种信号的变化都与ATP的浓度呈线性关系。当以“ΔI=ΔIMB +|ΔIFc|”(ΔIMB和ΔIFc分别为MB和Fc氧化峰电流的变化值)为响应信号检测ATP时,检测下限达到1.9nM,低于MB-P 或Fc-P单信号检测的结果。该双信号适体传感器易实现再生,有望应用于对其它小分子或者蛋白质的灵敏、选择性检测。关键词:电化学酶生物传感器;超氧阴离子;电化学DNA 传感器;金纳米粒子;羟基自由基;适体;三磷酸腺苷;石墨烯AbstractElectrochemicalbiosensorscombinethesensitivityoftheelectrochemicaltransducerswiththehighspecificityofthebiologicalrecognitionprocesses.Becauseoftheirsimplicity,cheapcost,fastresponseandhighstability,electrochemicalbiosensorshavebeenwidelyusedinanalyticalchemistry.Amongthem,theenzyme-basedandDNA-basedtaypesare thetwoofcommonelectrochemicalbiosensors.Takingadvantageofthesuperiorbiocatalyticpropertyofenzymes,theenzyme-basedelectrochemicalbiosensorshaveexperiencedthreedevelopmentprocesses.Amongthem,thethird-generation,whichisbasedonthedirectelectron transferbetweenenzyme andelectrodesurface,hasbeen considered as one of themostpromisingconstructionmethodsoftheenzymeelectrodes.Therefore,rationalelectrodematerialsbecomeveryimportant.Theyneedlargesurfaceareatoloadmoreenzymes,excellentbiocompatibilitytokeeptheirbioactivity,andgood electroconductivitytopromotethedirectelectrontransferbetweenenzymesand electrodesurface
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