基于传递路径研究的某校车车内噪声识别与控制-identification and control of noise in a school bus based on transmission path research.docxVIP
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基于传递路径研究的某校车车内噪声识别与控制-identification and control of noise in a school bus based on transmission path research
基于传递路径分析的某校车车内噪声识别与控制中文摘要车内噪声是车辆乘坐舒适性能的一项重要指标。出于安全考虑,校车多采用前 置柴油发动机后轮驱动结构。与后置柴油发动机后轮驱动结构的其他客车相比,采 用前置柴油发动机后轮驱动结构的校车驾驶舱内噪声更大,车内振动更为剧烈。因 此,对校车驾驶舱内噪声及控制研究具有十分重要的意义。本文以某国产校车为研 究对象,采用传递路径分析(Transfer Path Analysis, TPA)方法并结合试验测试与有 限元仿真手段,分析了校车在多种工况下的驾驶舱内噪声特点,提出了有效的降噪 措施。论文主要工作内容如下:1、介绍了 TPA 的原理及分类。结合本项目的实际情况选取了单参考 TPA 和多 参考 TPA 进行阐述,单参考 TPA 主要研究怠速工况下发动机激励产生的噪声,多参 考 TPA 主要研究50km/h 匀速行驶工况下路面对四个车轮的激励产生的噪声。同时介 绍了本项目 TPA 试验的工况及详细流程。2、对校车内各类噪声的来源及其产生机理进行分析。建立了校车在怠速工况下 和50km/h 匀速行驶工况下驾驶舱内噪声 TPA 模型及仿真模型。3、对本项目校车两种常见工况下驾驶舱的噪声水平进行测试,依据所建立的 TPA 模型,分别针对两种不同工况进行了 TPA 测试,得到了两种工况下各条传递路 径的传递函数及激励力。结果表明,怠速工况下驾驶舱内噪声贡献量最大的传递路 径是前左悬置 Y 方向,50km/h 匀速行驶工况下驾驶舱内噪声贡献量最大的传递路径 是前左钢板弹簧前端 Z 向。分别对这两个传递路径的传递函数及激励力在各自工况 下进行分析,结果表明贡献量较大的原因是激励力较大,而非由于传递函数曲线在 发动机激励频率处存在峰值而共振引起。4、根据测试分析结果对悬置系统的隔振性能进行优化,将悬置安装角从45°调 整为40°,加大悬置静刚度并将悬置安装位置移至模态节点处,并对内饰重新配置, 增加适当吸声材料,试验证明优化后悬置系统隔振性能明显提升,校车驾驶舱内噪 声降低了3.2dB(A),车内乘客区噪声有明显降低,方向盘振动、各排座椅导轨振动情 况也明显改善。由此证明了优化方案是有效的。关键词:校车,车内噪声,传递路径分析,传递函数iA Bus Interior Noise Identification andControl Based on Transfer Path AnalysisAbstractThe car interior noise and vibration characteristic is an important index of vehicle ride comfort performance. For safety, many of school buses use Front-engine Rear-wheel drive structure, compared with the Rear-engine Rear-wheel drive structure, the driver cabin noise is bigger, and the vehicle vibration is more intense. Therefore, it is very important to study and control the driving cabin noise on the school bus. This thesis researched a domestic school bus, used transfer path analysis (TPA) method, tested and analyzed, researched the school bus on the most commonly used operating condition as idling and 50km/h at constant driving condition, combined with the experiment and simulation, and taking effective measures for noise reduction, the idle speed condition in the cockpit the noise is reduced by 3.2 dB (A). The main contents are as follows:1, Introduced the principle and classification of TPA. Combined with the actual situation of the project select
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