Technology, Production, and Costs 管理经济学 培训讲解.pptVIP

Technology, Production,and Costs; After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Define technology and give examples of positive and negative technological change. Distinguish between the economic short run and the economic long run. Understand the relationship between the marginal product of labor and the average product of labor. Explain and illustrate the relationship between marginal cost and average total cost. Graph average total cost, average variable cost, average fixed cost, and marginal cost. Understand how firms use the long-run average cost curve to plan.;Technology: An Economic Definition;Improving Inventory Control at Wal-Mart;The Short Run and the Long Run;The Short Run and the Long Run;The Short Run and the Long Run;The Short Run and the Long Run;The Short Run and the Long Run;The Marginal Product of Labor and the Average Product of Labor;The Law of Diminishing Returns ;Graphing Production;Adam Smith’s Famous Account of the Division of Labor in a Pin Factory;The Relationship between Marginal and Average Product Average product of labor The total output produced by a firm divided by the quantity of workers.;An Example of Marginal and Average Values: College Grades;The Relationship Between Short-Run Production and Short-Run Cost;Why Are the Marginal and Average Cost Curves U-Shaped?; ;Graphing Cost Curves;Graphing Cost Curves;Costs in the Long Run;Costs in the Long Run;Costs in the Long Run; ;The Colossal River Rouge: Diseconomies of Scale at the Ford Motor Company;Don’t Confuse Diminishing Returns with Diseconomies of Scale;Conclusion;It’s ‘Win-Win’ as Samsung, Sony Join on Flat Screens;Average fixed cost Average variable cost Average product of labor Average total cost Constant returns to scale Diseconomies of scale Economies of scale Explicit cost Fixed costs Implicit cost Law of diminishing returns Long run;Appendix 10A: Using Isoquants and Isocosts to Understand Production and Cost;Isoquants;Isocost Lines;Isocost Lines;Choosing the