6.Java中构造函数.docxVIP

构造函数什么是构造函数在java中，构造函数是一种用来设置局部变量的值的方法。在java中，当对象已经被创建，编译器会最先调用构造函数。意思是说，所有写入到构造函数的代码都会被执行，当编译器创建一个对象，当运行时候构造器就自动加载进来。构造函数/方法，方法的名称和类名一样。public class Car {//Class Member Variables FieldsString sModel;????intiGear;????intiHighestSpeed;????String sColor;????intiMake;????booleanbLeftHandDrive;????String sTransmission;????intiTyres;????intiDoors;?????//This is the syntax to create a Constructor????public Car(){?????}}观察以上代码，Car()这个方法和类名相同，这就是一个构造方法，构造方法不需要返回值。给构造函数传值构造函数是可以传值的，观察以下代码。public class Car {//Class Member Variables FieldsString sModel;????intiGear;????intiHighestSpeed;????String sColor;????intiMake;????booleanbLeftHandDrive;????String sTransmission;????intiTyres;????intiDoors;?????//Constructor with values passed????public Car(String Model, intMake,booleanLeftHandDrive ){????sModel = Model;????iMake = Make;????bLeftHandDrive = LeftHandDrive;????}?????//Method????public void DisplayCharacterstics(){????System.out.println(Model of the Car: +??sModel);????System.out.println(Number of gears in the Car: +??iGear);????System.out.println(Max speed of the Car: +??iHighestSpeed);????System.out.println(Color of the Car: +??sColor);????System.out.println(Make of the Car: +??iMake);????System.out.println(Transmission of the Car: +??sTransmission);?????}?}Main函数public class ConstructorTestExercise {?public static void main(String[] args) {//Use the Car keyword to declare Car Class variable????????????????//Passing values to the constructorCar Toyota = new Car(Camry,2014,true);?Toyota.iDoors = 4;Toyota.iGear = 5;Toyota.iHighestSpeed = 200;Toyota.iTyres = 4;Toyota.sColor = Black;Toyota.sTransmission = Manual;?//Using Car class methodToyota.DisplayCharacterstics();?}?}输出结果Model of the Car: CamryNumber of gears in the Car: 5Max speed of the Car: 200Color of the Car: BlackMake of the Car: 2014Transmission of the Car: Manual为什么需要构造函数考虑下这么一个场景，把类变量暴露给Main方法是不安全的。在这个点上，类成员变量可以转换私有类型，因为私有类型的变量是不可以其他类访问。在这里，如果定义了构造函数，在Main方法里就不许直接访问类变量。还是来看Car Class代码public class Car {//Cla