英国议会的形成.pptVIP

House of Lords The Lords currently has around 740 Members, and there are three different types: life Peers, bishops and elected hereditary Peers. Unlike MPs, the public do not elect the Lords. The majority are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister or of the House of Lords Appointments Commission. Life Peers Appointed for their lifetime only, these Lords titles are not passed on to their children. The Queen formally appoints life Peers on the advice and recommendation of the Prime Minister. Archbishops and bishops A limited number of 26 Church of England archbishops and bishops sit in the House, passing their membership on to the next most senior bishop when they retire. The Archbishops of Canterbury and York traditionally get life peerages on retirement. Elected hereditary Peers The right of hereditary Peers to sit and vote in the House of Lords was ended in 1999 by the House of Lords Act but 92 Members were elected internally to remain until the next stage of the Lords reform process. History of Parliament Witan Ealriest form: known as the Witan was a political institution in Anglo-Saxon England which operated from before the 7th century until the 11th century. The Witan functioned as an assembly of the elite whose primary function was advisory to the king and whose membership was composed of the most important noblemen in England, both ecclesiastic and secular Witan：贤人会议 Ecclesiastic：[i,kli:zi?stik] n. 神职人员； Anglo-Saxon king with his witan. Biblical scene in the Illustrated Old English Hexateuch (11th-century), portraying Pharaoh in court session, after passing judgment on his chief baker and chief cupbearer 意义和作用： 在一定程度上萌生了英国各阶层参政议政的传统。 “民主与法制传统之久远….” 土地分封的封建制度的巩固 Great Council The Great Council evolved into the Parliament of England. The term itself came into use during the early 13th century, deriving from the Latin and French words for discussion and speaking. Background: Early Kings of England had no standing army or police,