仪表与测量原理.pptVIP

Measurement and Instrument Chauchin Su Department of Electrical Engineering National Central University Chung-Li, Taiwan 320 Outlines Text Book L. Schnell, Technology of Electrical Measurements, John Wiley and Sons, 1993. Supplimentary material HP instrument documents VEE Virtual Instrument software Grading Homework 30% Final Exam 40% Project 30% Contents Modelling and Measurement Measurement of Current and Voltage Measurement of power and Energy Measurement of Impedances time and Frequency Measurement Tools and Methods of Signal Analysis Electrical Units Basic Concepts Measurement is the procedure of obtaining information about the world by technical means. Modelling is the simplied equivalents of real phenomena. It neglects unimportant aspects in order to catch the essential features. Every measurement is subject to errors due to theoretical and practical reasons. The measurement errors may originat from modeling, the circumstances and methods of measurement, the properties of the measuring devices, and external disturbances. Measurement error can be analyzed and measurement procedures can be properly designed if the basic concepts of measurement and modelling are clear. 1.1 Model and Modeling - Types of Model Fundamental physical laws: Determine te general form of the quations that describe the mathematical model Structure: Describe the internal parts of the phenomenon and their relations. Parameters: the values of the coefficients in the equations. State variables: describe the process of a phenomenon together with the influencing external effects. 1.1 Model - Basic Concepts of Modeling Separation - Separate the system (phenomenon) from the environment and the subsystems within the system (divide and conqure) Selection - During the model creation process, the important interactions (with the environment) must be selected. Economy - The model should be the simplest of all, the simplicity of the structure, the minimum number of parameters and state variables. 1