Ch13 Chi-Square Applications 商务统计学概论(英文第四版) Introduction to Business Statistics教学文稿.pptVIP

CHAPTER 13Chi-Square Applications to accompany Introduction to Business Statistics fourth edition, by Ronald M. Weiers Presentation by Priscilla Chaffe-Stengel Donald N. Stengel ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Chapter 13 - Learning Objectives Explain the nature of the chi-square distribution. Apply the chi-square distribution to: Goodness-of-fit tests Tests of independence between 2 variables Tests comparing proportions from multiple populations Tests of a single population variance. ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Chapter 13 - Key Terms Observed versus expected frequencies Number of parameters estimated, m Number of categories used, k Contingency table Independent variables ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Goodness-of-Fit Tests The Question: Does the distribution of sample data resemble a specified probability distribution, such as: the binomial, hypergeometric, or Poisson discrete distributions. the uniform, normal, or exponential continuous distributions. a predefined probability distribution. Hypotheses: H0: pi = values expected H1: pi 1 values expected where ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Goodness-of-Fit Tests Rejection Region: Degrees of Freedom = k – 1 – m where k = # of categories, m = # of parameters Uniform Discrete: m = 0 so df = k – 1 Binomial: m = 0 when p is known, so df = k – 1 m = 1 when p is unknown, so df = k – 2 Poisson: m = 1 since μ usually estimated, df = k – 2 Normal: m = 2 when μ and s estimated, df = k – 3 Exponential: m = 1 since μ usually estimated, df = k – 2 ? 2002 The Wadsworth Group Goodness-of-Fit: An Example # Vehicles Oj Ej [Oj– Ej ]2/ Ej 0 20 13.5 3.1296 1 35 33.7 0.0501 2 23 33.5 3.2910 3+ 22 19.3 0.3777 Sum = 6.8484 I. H0: p0 = 0.135, p1 = 0.337, p2 = 0.335, p3+ = 0.193 Vehicle-ownership distribution in this community is the same as it is in the nation as a whole. H1: At least one of the proportions does not equal the stated value. Vehicle-ownership