Chapter 5-生态系统-06-08 环境生态学英文版本教材.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Ecosystem;Contents;1 Structure and Characteristics of Ecosystem; The Ecosystem is a whole. It includes not only organic complexes, but also the complex that form all physical factors of environment. ——Tansley ;1.2 Component of Ecosystem 1.2.1 Definition All material on the Earth may be components of the ecosystem ; Producers are autotrophic organisms using solar energy to synthesize the simple inorganic compound into the organic complex matters They transform light energy into chemical energy The basic of all the energy of the ecosystem needed ; Consumers are heterotrophic organisms which rely on autotrophy or other bio-energy from feeding to survive, mainly all kinds of animals. Herbivores ——Primary Consumers Carnivore —— Secondary Consumers Two types of special consumers Rotten food consumers ---- feed on plants and animals dead bodies Parasites ----Parasitic on the body or its surface of alive animals and plants, living by absorbing nutrients in a host; Disintegrators (分解者) are reducers belonging to Heterotrophic organisms. Including : Bacteria Fungi Actinomycetes Protozoa They all decompose the complex organic to simple inorganic matters, then return the matters to the environment for recapture;Case：;1.3 Structure of Ecosystem;Food chain and Food web;Types of Food Chain --- Predacity food chain (捕食性食物链) plant → animal → carnivorous herbivorous animals --- Chopped fresh food chain(碎食性食物链) Broken Food → broken Food Consumer → small → large carnivorous animal carnivorous animals ;Guilds (同资源种团);Trophic levels and Ecological pyramid;1.4 The characteristics of ecosystem ;1.4.2 Ecosystem has certain regional characteristics;1.4.3 Ecosystem is an open self-sustaining system;1.4.4