Chapter 8-11PIPE, FITTINGS, AND VALVES 天大化工原理上册英文版教材.pptVIP

Chapter 8  Transportation and metering of Fluids;Content ;8.1 PIPE, FITTINGS, AND VALVES;1. Pipe and tubing;(a) Material ;(c) Selection of pipe sizes;9;2. Joints and fittings;Fittings ;12;3. Allowances for expansion膨胀余量;FIGURE 8.1 Stuffing boxes: (a) simple form; (b) with lantern gland(液封环). ;(b) Mechanical seals;5. Valves;Gate valves 闸阀;Globe valves 截止阀;Ball valves 球阀;(a) lift check升降式止回阀; (b) ball check球形止回阀; (c) swing check旋启式止回阀.;6. Recommended practice;8.2 PUMPS;Energy needed to transport fluid;The devices used to transport fluid ; Pump 泵;Centrifugal pump 2-1;1. Developed head;Write Bernoulli equation between station a and b.;The total head (压头)is defined as:;The total suction head is Ha ;2. Power requirement;The power delivered to the fluid is denoted by Pf (W)有效功率;3. Suction lift 吸上（or安装）高度 and cavitation气蚀;(a) Cavitation:（气蚀现象）;(b) Net positive suction head(NPSH)气蚀余量;Write B-eq. between station a’ and station a;Pa’---absolute pressure at surface of reservoir Pv ---vapor pressure at the operating condition hfs ---friction loss in suction line.;(c) Suction lift 允许吸上高度(安装高度);1. Minimum required net positive suction head (NPSHR)必需气蚀余量, which specified by the pump manufacturers, is given in the manufacturers catalogs. Actual NPSH must large NPSHR more than 0.5m. 2. NPSHR increase with the increase of flow rate, therefore, suction lift should be calculated according to the highest flow rate in the operation.;(d) 允许吸上真空度（离心泵的另一抗气蚀性能指标 ） ;Writing Bernoulli equation from a’ to a,;H’s值由泵的制造厂家在98.1kPa(10mH2O)下，用20℃清水实验测得。实验值列在泵样本或说明书的性能表中。若操作条件与上述实验条件不一致或输送其它液体时，可按下式对H’s值进行换算， ;(e) How to avoid cavitation!;4. Positive-Displacement Pumps;1. Cylinder泵缸 2. Piston or plunger活塞 3. Piston rod活塞杆 4. Inlet check valve吸入阀 5. Discharge check valve排出阀;Working principles of reciprocating pump2-5;Single-acting pump;double-acting reciprocating pump;Volumetric flow rate q (m3/s)流量;Single-acting pump: q =Asnr m3/min or m3/s;There is no rel