Chapter02 Fundamentals for Strength Design 机械零件设计英文PPT全套教案教学教案.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Fundamentals for Strength Design 2.1 Design for Static Strength 2.2 Fatigue and Cyclic Stresses 2.3 Design for Cyclic Loading 2.4 Failure Criteria and Modes of Mechanical Failure 2.1 Design for Static Strength Strength is an inherent property of a element, depending on the choice, the treatment and the processing of the material. A static load means a load which has an unchanging magnitude, unchanging point or points of application, and an unchanging direction. A static load can be axial tension or compression, a shear load, a bending load, a torsional load, or any combination of these. About the Design Data A designer need many data such as the yield strength, the ultimate strength, etc., which can be provided by tests. These tests should have been made on specimens having the same heat treatment, surface finish, and size as the element the engineer proposes to design, but these tests are costly. Nearly all of the numerical data that we use in design have some uncertainties, concerning the strengths as well as the loads. 1) Factor of Safety To account for all the uncertainties in design Relate the loads acting on a mechanical part, or the stresses resulting from those loads, to the strength of the part Develop the relations between strength and loads to achieve optimum component dimensions. Factor of safety is used by engineers to account separately for the uncertainties that may occur in the strength of a part and the uncertainties that may occur with the loads acting on the part. Two factors of safety: ns is used to account for the uncertainties in the strength; nl, accounts for the uncertainties with regard to the load. Total factor of safety: n = nsnl 2) Stress Concentration Stress concentration is caused by discontinuity in a machine element. Discontinuities include changes in the cross section of the parts, holes, grooves, notches, etc.. Such discontinuities are called stress raisers. Stress-concentration Factor A the