激光-电弧复合焊接7075-t6铝合金裂纹扩展分析-crack growth analysis of 7075 - t6 aluminum alloy by laser-arc hybrid welding.docx
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激光-电弧复合焊接7075-t6铝合金裂纹扩展分析-crack growth analysis of 7075 - t6 aluminum alloy by laser-arc hybrid welding
激光-电弧复合焊接 7075-T6 铝合金裂纹扩展分析摘要本文研究了激光-电弧复合焊薄板 7075-T6 铝合金接头的疲劳裂纹扩展特性。首先 通过试验建立了不同热输入量与弹性模量之间的函数关系,并获得了给定热输入量下 的疲劳寿命。另外,文中还比较了各种焊接缺陷对疲劳寿命的影响。基于改进的 Forman 公式,提出了一种考虑复合焊 7075-T6 铝合金接头性能差异性、应力强度因子门槛值、 裂纹扩展驱动力以及残余应力等多因素耦合的接头寿命预测模型。通过有限元模拟仿 真并结合裂纹扩展和接头拉伸试验,对提出的模型进行了验证。结果表明,该模型预 报的接头寿命与试验结果吻合较好。本文采用 ABAQUS 有限元软件仿真计算方法综合考虑了复合焊接头性能差异 性、应力强度因子门槛值、裂纹扩展驱动力以及残余应力等因素对复合焊 7075-T6 铝 合金接头疲劳寿命的影响:1. 由于经历了复杂的热循环及化学冶金过程,焊接接头中通常存在较多的缺陷, 如裂纹、气孔、夹渣等,因此焊接接头的性能与母材的性能有较大差别。在有限元模 拟过程中,母材与焊接接头分别建模比较符合实际。2. 研究发现,只有当应力强度因子幅大于某临界值时裂纹才会扩展。如果直接用Paris 公式预测接头的疲劳寿命,难以确保所得结果的准确性。3. 根据经典的 Paris 公式,人们普遍认为应力强度因子幅?K 是裂纹扩展的主要驱 动力。试验研究发现,在应力强度因子幅相同的条件下,外载荷越大,裂纹扩展速率 越大,这表明裂纹扩展速率不仅受?K 的影响而且还与最大应力有关。因此,数值模 拟过程中不应忽略最大外载荷的影响。4. 众所周知,金属材料在焊接过程中经历了复杂的热循环及化学冶金过程,导致 冷却至室温后,接头中存在成分、组织和性能不均匀现象,并在焊接接头中存在较大 的拉伸残余应力。残余拉应力的存在,会恶化接头的服役行为。然而,在做 CT 试验 时,由于在试样焊缝处机加工了一个缺口,导致焊缝处的绝大部分残余应力得到释放, 因此,残余应力对实验室测得疲劳寿命的影响几乎可以忽略。关键词:激光-电弧复合焊;高强铝合金;疲劳寿命预测;残余应力;弹性模量Fatigue cracking of laser-MIG hybrid welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloysABSTRACTIn this paper, the fatigue crack propagation life of hybrid laser arc welded joints of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was investigated in details. By experiments, we established a different functional relationship between the amount of heat input and the elastic modulus, and to predict the fatigue life under a given amount of heat input. In addition, the effect of various welding defects on the fatigue life was investigated. Based on the improved Forman model, a coupling joint life prediction model was proposed in which the 7075-T6 hybrid welding head performance differences, the threshold value of the stress intensity factor, the crack driving force and residual stress multifactor were considered. The proposed model was validated by finite element simulation with crack propagation and joint testing. The results show that the predicted life of the new model agrees well with the experimental results.In this paper, ABAQUS finite element software and numerical methods were used to evaluate the effect of the hybrid
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