级联多电平逆变器功率均衡和功率匹配调制策略分析-analysis of power equalization and power matching modulation strategy for cascaded multilevel inverters.docx

摘要级联多电平逆变器易于模块化设计，在中高压变频器、无功补偿器和光伏并网发电系统已得到广泛应用。本文研究不同性质输入源下级联多电平逆变器功率均衡和功率匹配方法。针对电压源输入场合，本文提出一种可自然功率均衡，且输出电压谐波小的SVPWM控制策略。该策略在简化级联多电平SVPWM的基础上，先把CPS功率均衡的优点引入该策略，然后为了优化输出谐波进一步把改进PD引入到该策略，最终得到一种基于改进PD的SVPWM策略。为避免实现过程的复杂，给出了一种基于开关时序的状态机实现调制过程的方法。针对功率源输入场合，本文分析了CPS调制策略在实现功率匹配时的局限性。它牺牲了多电平逆变器谐波含量少的优点，且能适应光伏电池输出的差异性也较小，最后提出了一种两级式拓扑结构，并采用循环PD调制策略，实现了功率匹配且保证输出电压谐波含量低。与CPS调制策略相比，循环PD调制策略能适应光伏电池输出电压和功率差异较大的工况下的功率匹配。为验证所提出的两种控制策略的有效性，在实验室分别研制了一台三相级联五电平逆变器和一台单相两级式级联五电平光伏并网逆变器原理样机，给出了两台样机硬件电路设计。实验结果证明所提出的两种控制策略均能实现各自场合下的功率均衡(或匹配)，同时输出电压谐波含量低。关键词：级联多电平逆变器；载波移相；同向层叠；空间矢量控制；功率均衡；功率匹配ABSTRACTCascadedmultilevelinverteriseasytomodularize,andithasbeenwidelyusedinhighvoltagetransducer,staticvarcompensator(STATCOM)andphotovoltaicgridconnectedsystem.Thispaperisdedicatedtoachievingpowerbalanceforcascadedmultilevelinverterunderdifferentinputsources.ASVPWMstrategythatcanachievepowerbalanceandhasloweroutputvoltageharmonicforvoltagesourceinputapplicationsisproposedinthispaper.ThemeritofpowerbalanceofCPSisfirstlyintroducedintothisstrategybaseonasimplifiedSVPWM,andthenPDisintroducedtooptimizetheoutputvoltageharmonics.Atlast,amethodofsolvingthecomplexprocessofthisstrategybaseonstatemachineisproposed.ThedisadvantageofCPSforpowersourceinputhadbeenanalyzed.Itcan’tkeepthemeritoflowharmonicsofmultilevelinverter,andthedifferenceofPVpanelsthatitcanfitissmall.ThispaperputsoutacirculatingPDbasedonatwo-stagetopology.Itcanachievepowermatchandloweroutputvoltageharmonics,andthedifferenceofPVpanelsthatitcanfitisbiggerwhencomparedtoCPS.Tovalidatetheeffectivenessofthetwomodulationstrategies,aprototypeofthree-phasecascadedfive-levelinverterandaprototypeofsingle-phasetwo-stagecascadedfive-levelgrid-connectedinverterarebuiltinthelaboratory.Thedesignofhardwareandsoftwareflowispresented.Theexperimentalresultsprovethatthetwostrategiescanachievepowerbalanceorpowermatching,andhaveloweroutputvoltageharmonic.Keywords:CascadedMultilevelInverter,CarrierPhaseShift,PhaseDisposition,SpaceVectorPulse-WidthModulation,PowerBalan