U8-10-现在完成时考点.docVIP

U8-10现在完成时重点、难点、考点 一 现在完成时的基本结构 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 二 过去分词的规则变化 三 现在完成时的用法 1) 我已经吃过早餐了。 I have already eaten breakfast. 2) 她看过这部电影? 不，还没有 Has she seen this movie yet? No, not yet. 注意：already（已经）用于肯定句, 可紧跟在have/has后，也可放句尾。 … yet（….没有/了吗？）用于疑问句，常位于句尾。 not yet (还没有) 用于否定句句尾。 3) 你曾经去过北京吗？ Have you ever been to Beijing? 4) 她从来没有读过这本书。 She has never read this book. 5) 我参观这个博物馆两次。 I have visited the museum twice. 6) 我以前没有听说过这个故事。 I have never heard of the story before. 7) 到目前为止我已经学了3000个单词了。 I have learnt 3000 words so far. 8) 我刚刚完成了作业。 I have just finished my homework. 区别过去时：I bought a book just now. ?也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。 过去的事情一直持续到现在 有可能会继续持续下去 9) 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 He has lived here since 1978. 10) 她收集邮票已经10年了。 She has collected stamps for 10 years./ since 10 years ago. 11) 她收集邮票多久了？ How long has she collected stamps? 此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+过去时间点/过去时的句子/时间段ago）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 考点1：短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化形式： 在现在完成时表动作的持续性的用法中， 标识词since/ for/how long，必须用延续性动词；需把短暂性动词（也叫瞬间动词）改为对应的延续性动词. ★瞬间动词不可以与时间段连用，但可以转换成相关的延续性动词，常考的有： open --- have/has been open; close ---have/has been closed； arrive/ come / go--- have/has been in; join --- have/has been(in) begin/ start --- have/has been on; leave--- have/has been away (from) buy --- have/has had; borrow--- have/has kept; die---have/has been dead; finish- have/has been over ★ 重点句型： 1) The shop has opened. The shop has been open for 2 hours. 2) The shop has closed. The shop has been closed for 2 hours. 3) He has come to Zhongshan already. He has been in Zhongshan since last week. 4) He has gone to Guangzhou. He has been in Guangzhou for a week. 5) He has left Zhongshan. He has been away from ZS for a year. 6) The dog has died. The dog has been dead for two days. 7) He has bought a computer.