控制人性质 职工薪酬与企业绩效——基于中国上市公司的经验证据-employee compensation and enterprise performance in the nature of controller - based on empirical evidence of chinese listed companies.docxVIP
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控制人性质 职工薪酬与企业绩效——基于中国上市公司的经验证据-employee compensation and enterprise performance in the nature of controller - based on empirical evidence of chinese listed companies
摘要实践中,企业经营绩效既可能受到外部市场环境、市场结构以及产业环境等 因素影响,同时又可能会受到企业内部特征、资源禀赋和管理制度的影响,但员 工实际工作的努力程度对企业经营绩效的影响作用也不容忽视。企业良好的经营 绩效是多方共同合力的结果,在这其中不仅包括管理者,职工也是企业价值的重 要创造者。然而,现有研究主要聚焦于高管激励,而对职工激励以及两者薪酬差距对企 业绩效的影响研究却较少。在我国,职工工资收入总额占GDP的比重在世界范围 内一直属于中下水平,与其他国家和地区相比还存在一定的差距;同时,上市公 司控制人性质以及行业属性等因素也使得不同类型公司员工的薪酬存在差异。因 此,本文结合我国职工薪酬特征,引入控制人性质因素研究上市公司职工薪酬、 职工和高管薪酬差距对企业绩效的影响,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本文在借鉴国内外关于员工薪酬与企业绩效关系文献的基础上,结合我国薪 酬制度改革和国有企业市场化改革的制度背景,从职工薪酬特征与上市公司控制 人性质的角度入手,详细检验与分析我国上市公司职工薪酬与企业经营绩效的关 系。本文通过实证研究,得出如下主要结论:(1)上市公司职工当期薪酬水平与 企业经营绩效显著正相关,且国有上市公司职工当期薪酬水平对企业绩效的正向 作用要弱于民营上市公司;(2)上市公司职工薪酬增长与企业经营绩效变动存在 显著正相关关系,且国有上市公司职工薪酬增长对企业经营绩效提高的促进作用 要小于民营上市公司;(3)无论上市公司职工薪酬与业绩变化呈现刚性或是弹性 特征,民营上市公司经营绩效变动与职工薪酬变动更具有敏感性;(4)保护性行 业内上市公司的职工薪酬激励效率要弱于竞争性行业内的上市公司;职工与高管 薪酬差距和企业经营绩效存在正相关关系,国有上市公司内部薪酬差距对企业经 营绩效的正向作用要弱于民营上市公司。以上研究结果表明,职工工资增长会对职工产生正向激励作用;合理范围内 的职工与高管的薪酬差距也有利于上市公司经营绩效的提高;同时,国有股权性 质因素可能抑制了企业内部薪酬激励的作用。因此,企业应该正确认识职工努力 程度对企业经营绩效的贡献,与职工签订合理有效的薪酬契约,提高企业内部的 激励效率。关键词:控制人性质,职工薪酬,企业绩效ABSTRACTIn practice, business performance could be affected by the factors as external market environment, market structure and dict://key.0895DFE8DB67F9409DB285590D870EDD/industrial%20environmentindustrial environment; at the same time, it also could be affected by the internal features of enterprise, resource endowment and management system. Despite the above, the affect from the efforts of the workers could not be neglected. A good performance of the enterprise is the result of multilateral joint efforts from every part. Among all these factors, the workers are the important contributors to the value of the corporate, just as the managers.However, the present researches are mainly focused on the stimulation to the senior executives; there are few researches on the influence brought by the incoming gap between the worker and the executives as well as the stimulation to the workers, which could make a great influence to the business performance. In our country, the proportion of wage income of the workers in the GDP is still in a lower leve
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