连续热镀锌钢板镀层组织与镀锌缺陷分析-analysis of coating structure and galvanized defects of continuous hot galvanizing steel plate.docxVIP
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连续热镀锌钢板镀层组织与镀锌缺陷分析-analysis of coating structure and galvanized defects of continuous hot galvanizing steel plate
摘 要连续热镀锌板因其良好的耐腐蚀性能被现代工业青睐,广泛应用于建筑、家 电、汽车工业。特别是近年来,中国经济的腾飞,加之中国钢材结构的调整,扁 平材比例增加,具有高附加值的连续镀锌板产量迅猛增长。但随着供求关系的调 整与改变,镀锌板面临着日益激烈的竞争。镀锌产品的质量成为赢得销售市场、 提升企业竞争力的关键。因此,提高镀锌板产品质量和开发新品种成为镀锌板企 业目前及长远的战略目标。本文利用 SEM-EDS,EPMA 等分析手段对镀锌板试样的组织和成分进行了 分析。研究了镀锌板镀层出现粘附性能不良的原因,并对连续镀锌时形成的微观 组织进行了分析;对涟钢镀锌板表面在退火炉内出现碳沉积的机理进行了探讨; 对具有条锌缺陷的镀锌板的基体和镀层组织以及成分进行了研究,并分析了锌锅 不同部位的锌液成分、锌渣的形貌与成分及锌渣在锌锅中的分布状况。研究结果表明,带钢表面碳沉积、镀层中出现铁锌中间相、镀层分层和镀层 中夹杂固体杂质等是导致镀层粘附性不良的主要原因。在退火炉无氧化加热段内,带钢表面发生了 2CO→C+CO2 反应,这个反应使得碳在带钢表面析出,同时抑制了炉气对带钢表面因轧制油等裂解产生的碳的 清洁作用,从而导致带钢表面出现碳沉积,形成碳薄膜覆盖在带钢表面,致使带钢热镀锌中,锌液对带钢的浸润性能降低,恶化镀层的粘附性能。研究表明,带钢表面在退火炉内出现碳沉积现象是涟钢镀锌板镀层粘附性不良的最主要原因。 镀锌板表层出现特殊条锌缺陷的主因是锌渣被高速运行的带钢带出后,在气刀的作用下摩擦带钢表面,造成镀层在细长区域内的锌晶粒比正常区域的锌晶粒细小。由于细小晶粒区域对光的反射率不同于正常区域,从而在镀锌板表面表征 出条锌特性。针对导致镀层粘附性恶化的不同原因,采取相应的措施提高镀层粘附性能。例如,保证烧嘴的实际空气系数满足工艺要求以及合理提升带钢温度能有效防止 带钢表面碳沉积。镀锌板镀锌层粘附性能的改善,提高了产品的优质品率,产生了巨大的经济效益。为减少镀锌板表面的条锌缺陷,提出了各种措施,如减少锌锅中的锌渣形成、调节气刀参数等,在生产应用中取得了一定的效果,提高了热 镀锌钢带的表面质量。关键词:连续热镀锌,粘附性不良,碳沉积,条锌缺陷,锌渣ABSRACTGalvanized sheet is used widely in modern industry for its excellent corrosion- resistance, especially in architecture, home appliances and auto industry. At present, economic is developing swiftly and the structure of steel is adjusted in china, the proportion of flat sheet is increasing. Galvanized sheet, as a high affixation-value product, has been produced massively. As the relationship of supply and demand being changed, producers need to face a drastic competition in galvanizing market increasingly. In order to win the sell-market and promote the capability of competition, enterprises have to produce high quality galvanized production only. Therefore, producing higher quality and developing new categories of galvanized products are strategical goals of enterprises for short and long term.In this paper, the microstructure and composition of samples of galvanized products has been investigated by using SEM-EDS and EPMA. The causes of imperfect adhesion of coating in continuous galvanizing line were studied. The mechanism of carbon precipitat
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