钌 铑 镍 钯络合物催化精制生物油分析-analysis of ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and palladium complex catalytic refining bio - oil.docxVIP
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钌 铑 镍 钯络合物催化精制生物油分析-analysis of ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and palladium complex catalytic refining bio - oil
摘要生物油作为一种低品位燃料,需要通过精制才能成为具有更广泛用途的高品 质燃料。目前国内外研究的精制方法主要有催化加氢、催化裂解、催化酯化及重 整制氢等,并取得了一定的成果。但当前研究中基本上是使用传统的固体催化精 制途径,反应条件苛刻且对设备要求高;同时,生物油热敏性高,精制过程结焦 现象严重,催化剂失活快,精制油产率低。本研究旨在建立一种温和高效的催化精制方法,通过分析生物油中高热敏性 物质及其反应特点,提出了金属络合物均相催化加氢精制生物油的新途径。生物 油中的醛易和水、醇、酚及其衍生物反应生成各种低聚物和树脂。因此,本研究 首先选用了加氢活性高的 RuCl2(PPh3)3 催化剂对生物油中代表性的几种醛进行加 氢,研究发现在低于 100℃下,包括香草醛在内的三种醛转化率都超过 90%。随 后对含有各种酸、醛及酚的生物油乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行加氢,细致分析其中产 物的转化关系。结果表明该催化剂对醛、酮及部分酚的不饱和支链都有非常好的 加氢效果。全生物油组分精制一直是生物油精制的难点。本研究进一步试验了温 度低于 100℃下(压力 P=2.0-3.0MPa),以三苯基膦为配体的 Ru、Rh、Pd、Ni 络合物催化剂对生物油全油组分的加氢效果,分析了各反应参数对加氢效果的影 响和各催化剂对生物油中物质转化的特点。此外,由于均相催化剂的循环回收利 用是其最主要缺点,试验中研究制备了以介孔 MCM-41 为载体的负载型络合物 催化剂,选取了其中加氢效果较好的 RuCl2(PPh3)3 及 RhCl(PPh3)3 进行研究。同 样在比较温和的条件下,试验该类负载型的络合物催化剂对生物油全油组分的加 氢效果,并对催化剂进行了回收以及循环利用。发现生物油中的高反应性的醛、 及部分酚类物质同样被大量加氢转化。另外,由于条件温和,整个研究过程基本 没有发现结焦现象。关键词:生物油精制;加氢;金属络合物;RuCl2(PPh3)3,RhCl(PPh3)3,MCM-41ABSTRACTThe crude bio-oil as a low-quality fuel requires upgrading to improve the quality before it is suitable to be applied in a more extensive area. Presently, a number of upgrading routes, such as hydrogenation, cracking, esterification and steaming reforming have been studied to extend the range of possible application, and some progresses were achieved. However, due to the bio-oil’s high heat-sensitive property, the current upgrading methods using the tradional heterogeneous catalysts always need severe conditions lead to quick formation of substantial coke or char. The coke or char no only lead to the catalyst deactivate quickly by steadily deposited on catalysts surface or formation inside but also lead to low bio-oil production.The main aim of this study is to establish a mild and efficient bio-oil catalytic upgrading method. According to the result of analysis the high heat-sensitive compounds and their reactive characteristics, the method of using homogeneous metal complex catalytic upgrading of bio-oil was established. The aldehyde in bio-oil as a highly reactive species can reactive with water, alcohols, phenols or each other to f
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