龙蒿生殖生物学及繁殖方法的分析-analysis of reproductive biology and reproductive methods of tarragon.docxVIP

中 文 摘 要 通过实地观察 石蜡切片和组织培养等方法 对新疆龙蒿的生物学特性 营养繁殖 有性生殖 大小孢子及雌 雄配子体的发育等生殖生物学过程进行 了研究 并对其今后的开发提出了一些建议 研究结果简要介绍如下 1 繁殖方式兼具有性的种子繁殖和以根茎进行的营养繁殖两种类型 两种 繁殖方式均较好 2 龙蒿种子千粒重 0.0605g,属小粒种子 直接播种不易出苗 根茎繁殖是 一种简单的繁殖方法 基质和激素浓度对龙蒿扦插成活有较大影响 在所选用 的四种基质中蛭石+鸡粪+炉灰渣效果最好 IBA 的浓度为 50ppm 时生根作用 显著 组织培养可以快速获得整齐一致的幼苗 BA0.1-0.3mg/L+IBA0.02- 0.06mg/L 增殖效果明显 IBA 在 0.1-2mg/L 范围内较 NAA 的生根效果好 3 200 250 mg L–1GA3 5% 25%PEG 0.5%NaHCO3 溶液处理可显著 地提高龙蒿种子的各项发芽指标 25 28 可以明显提高龙蒿种子的各项发芽 指标 但超过 30 则会明显抑制其萌发 3h 以内的浸种利于其萌发 但浸种时 间不宜超过 6h 光照可以显著促进龙蒿种子的萌发 5 低温处理时间在不超 过 72h 的情况下不会影响龙蒿种子的萌发 4 有性生殖时雄蕊的花药壁发育为双子叶植物型 绒毡层为腺质绒毡层 小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型 小孢子四分体为四面体型和左右对称型 成 熟花粉粒为三细胞花粉 舌状花雌蕊的子房下位 二心皮一室 胚珠一枚 基 生胎座 倒生胚珠 单珠被 薄珠心 大孢子四分体为直线形 合点端大孢子 为功能大孢子 胚囊发育类型为蓼型 关键词 蒿属 龙蒿 生殖生物学 繁殖方法 Study on the Reproductive Biology and Propagataing methods of Artemisia dracunculus L. Yuan Lihua(Vegetable breeding) Supervised by Qin Yong Abstract With the aid of paraffin techniques ,the biological characters,the growth and development of the shoots,megasporogenesis,microspogenesis and development of gametophytes and embryogeny were studied,the main results in this reports were as following: This species processed both sexual reproduction by seeds and vegetative propagation by root crown,population regeneration was good. The seeds of Artemisia dracunculus were easy to germinate. Cutting root-stem propagating method was simple but propagating rate was low. During the sexual reproduction,the development of the anther wall followed the dicotyledon type. Tapetum was the secretory type. The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cell was of the successive type. The microspore tetrads were trahedral. The mature pollen grain was the three-celled type. The ovary was epigynous,bicarpellary and tetraloules. Each locule contained a single ovule. The mature ovules were amphitropous, untegmic, tenuinucellate and had hypostase. The magspore tetrads were linear.Usually,the chalazal megaspore was functional. The development of the female gameto-phye was of the polygonum t