论我国监听制度的构建——以公民隐私权的保护为视角-on the construction of chinas surveillance system —— from the perspective of protecting citizens right to privacy.docxVIP
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论我国监听制度的构建——以公民隐私权的保护为视角-on the construction of chinas surveillance system —— from the perspective of protecting citizens right to privacy
contradictorybutabletobemediated.Ontheonehand,therearereasonsfortheconflictbetweenmonitoringandprivacyandpointsoutthetypeofcitizenprivacythatmonitoringmayviolate,namelycommunicationprivacy.Ontheotherhand,theoryfoundationsandpracticalwaysofmediatingmonitoringandprivacyarefound.Manycountrieshavemadethoroughlegislativerulesformonitoringsystem.ItconcludesmainwaysofoverseasmonitoringsystemprotectingprivacyonthebasisofanalyzingmonitoringlegislationintheUS,JapanandItaly,whichprovidesfoundationforChinatofollowbasicprinciplesandlearnsomebeneficialexperience.Chineseconditionofprivacyandmonitoringsystemisnotperfect.Ontheonehand,thereissuchashortageoflegislativeregulationsforprivacyprotectionthatitispossibleforpublicpowertointerveneatwill;ontheotherhand,withregardtostandardsofmonitoringsystem,thereisnoexpressprovisionsinChinesecriminalprocedurallaw.Thelackoflegislationleadstotheconfusioninjuridicalpractice.Thustherearecontinualconflictsbetweenmonitoringandprivacyinpractice.Thesolutionsofhowtoestablishamonitoringsystemthatisinharmonywithcitizenprivacyprotectionisveryimportant.First,theconstitutionalfoundationformonitoringlegislation,namelyprivacyprotectionconcept,shouldbebuilt;thenaccordingtotheprincipleofnecessityandtheprincipleofrelevance,thesphereofmonitoringapplicationandmonitoringproceduresshouldbesetupreasonably,andbesidesthejudicialreliefmechanismforpeoplemonitoredshouldbeestablished;finally,themonitoringsystemwhichisinharmonywithcitizenprivacyprotectionisformed.Keywords:Criminalprocedure;Monitoringsystem;Privacyprotection引言引言在现代社会中,由于犯罪不断复杂化、隐蔽化,许多技术性侦查手段开始为侦破犯罪所需,监听就是在这种状况下应运而生的,其对提高侦查效率意义重大。但监听措施由于其秘密性和强制性,在实施过程中极易对当事人的隐私权造成实质性侵害。因此,许多学者从保护公民隐私的角度出发,对监听制度的价值和功能提出了质疑,有的甚至主张国家侦查主体应当放弃实施监听措施的权力,以实现对公民基本权利及自由的保障。这种观点虽然有失偏颇,但也反映了监听与隐私保护存在的价值冲突。我们应当正确对待两者的关系,监听措施在实现实体正义与程序正义、控制犯罪与保障人权的过程中,存在着不同的利益冲突:首先,出于打击犯罪、保障社会稳定的需要,国家不能彻底放弃监听的运用以及由此获得的相关证据资料;其次,这种技术侦查手段具有侵犯被监听人隐私权的天然性,如果国家法律不对其进行限制,随意的启动监听,也是不合理的。因此,各国立法力争在监听的启动和实施程序上寻找一个恰当的度,以此来协调控制犯罪与保障人权的关系。在我国,相关的法律制度并没有对监听进行明文的规定。在学
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