外文文献：在采矿和矿物部门的可持续发展： 地方，国家和全球各级的伙伴关系的案例.pdfVIP

Bronze Award Essay Sustainable Development in the Mining and Minerals Sector: The Case for Partnership at Local, National and Global Levels Abstract In 2004, the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) commissioned independent research into ways in which it could enhance mining’s contribution to poverty reduction. This marked the beginning of a long-term initiative with multi- stakeholder input that is now into its third phase. The objective of ICMM’s research was to identify the critical factors that have allowed some countries to benefit from their substantial resource endowments and to avoid the so-called ‘resource curse’. From the start of the initiative, the hope was to identify the practical steps that might be taken by the mining industry and others, such as governments, local communities and development agencies to enhance the positive impacts of mineral resource investments. Phase 1 of the Resource Endowment initiative comprised a comprehensive literature review, a quantitative analysis of the performance of 33 mineral dependent countries across a range of socio-economic indicators (published as the Analytical Framework), and the development of a toolkit to document the impacts (both good and bad) of individual mining projects at a local, regional and national level. Phase 2 of the project saw the toolkit being applied in four country field-based case studies - Peru, Chile, Ghana and Tanzania. The findings from the four country case studies were synthesized into a single report along with a series of recommendations for industry, host governments, donor organizations and NGOs. In order to confirm the validity of the review and to explore ways and means of implementing the recommendations, the third phase of the initiative has now begun. Pilots are planned in three of the case study countries, to see whether and how in-country partnerships between gove