混凝土专业英语12.pptxVIP

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION(绪论)1.1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETEPlain concrete is formed from hardened mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel), air, and often other admixtures.The plastic mix is placed and consolidated in the formwork, then cured to accelerate of the chemical hydration of the cement mix and results in a hardened concrete.It is generally known that concrete has high compressive strength and low resistance to tension. Its tensile strength is approximately one-tenth of its compressive strength.Consequently, tensile reinforcement in the tension zone has to be provided to supplement the tensile strength of the reinforced concrete section.A plain concrete beam under loading will be cracked at the tension region of the mid-span and the beam will fail suddenly when the load reach it’s limit value. But reinforcing bars embedded at the bottom of the concrete beam can take up the tension there after the concrete is cracked . when the steel approaches yielding stress ,the crack are so large offering the warning that the beam is going to fail. Basic structure typereinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构Prestressed concrete structure （预应力混凝土结构）steel structure 钢结构masonry structure 砌体结构timber structure 木结构Other concrete structures, such as Fiber concrete structure。Hybrid structure混合结构 Composite structure 组合结构Basic members of reinforced concrete Members with flexure (受弯构件) 各种单独的梁、板以及由梁组成整体的楼盖、屋盖等。Members with compression (受压构件) 柱、剪力墙和屋架的压杆等。Members with tension（受拉构件） 如屋架的拉杆、水池的池壁等。Members with torsion（受扭构件） 如带有悬挑雨蓬的过梁、框架的边梁等。Members with compound actions (复合受力构件) 压弯构件、拉弯构件、弯扭构件、拉弯扭构件等Features:Locally available resources（材料来源广泛）Durability and fire resistance耐久性和耐火性好）The various forms can be deposited （可模性好）high stiffnessLarge dead mass: density: 25kN/m3Easily cracked: inherent weakness Long curing period1.2 Historical development of reinforced concrete 1824. Portland cement four stage1.Firs