改性聚氨酯填料生物膜系统脱氮特征及微生物学机制分析-nitrogen removal characteristics and microbiological mechanism analysis of modified polyurethane filler biofilm system.docx
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改性聚氨酯填料生物膜系统脱氮特征及微生物学机制分析-nitrogen removal characteristics and microbiological mechanism analysis of modified polyurethane filler biofilm system
mg/L条件下,MPU-SBBR生物膜的微生物多样性要显著高于其他工况,优势亚硝酸菌和硝酸菌分别以亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonassp.)和硝化螺旋菌(Nitrospirasp.)为主,而反硝化细菌则以陶厄氏菌(Thauerasp.)和红假单胞菌(Pseudomonassp.)占据优势。进水C/N比(C和N分别以COD和总氮计)对系统短程硝化反硝化影响显著,C/N比越大,生物膜的生物多样性越高,最佳的氨氮去除率92.9%和总氮去除率79.0%分别出现在C/N比分别为5.0和1.8时,其硝化功能优势微生物为氨氧化菌(Unculturedammonia-oxidizingbacterium)、Nitrospirasp和硝化杆菌(Nitrobactersp.),反硝化优势菌为Pseudomonassp.,工程中可以通过对进水C/N比的调节实现对系统氮素转化和总氮去除的调控。针对高氨氮污水的处理,采用电气石负载对PU进行了改性而制备一种新型载体材料TPU。研究表明,与改性前的PU相比,TPU填料表面更粗糙,持水倍率更高,可对微环境pH进行有效调节。电气石良好的热电性和压电性进一步提高了填料的吸附性能,使TPU填料更有利于硝化细菌的富集。TPU填料生物膜中的亚硝酸细菌和硝酸细菌在数量上比PU填料生物膜分别提高了62.9%和46.4%,可显著强化系统的硝化作用。对于COD和氨氮浓度分别为600~650mg/L和230~250mg/L的污水,与PU生物膜处理系统相比,TPU生物膜处理系统的氨氮去除率提高了12.3%。针对低C/N比污水,采用淀粉负载对PU进行了改性而制备出另一种新型载体材料SPU。淀粉的负载对低C/N比污水脱氮起到了良好的持续调节作用。对于COD和C/N比分别为150mg/L和2.5的污水,SPU-SBBR系统表现出了更好的脱氮效率(65.3%),与聚己酸内酯(PCL)构建的SBBR系统(53.3%)相比,其总氮去除率提高了12%。关键词:改性聚氨酯;生物膜;脱氮系统;影响因子;微生物菌群组成AbstractBiofilmprocessisoneofbiologicalnitrogenremovaltechnologyinwastewatertreatment.Thefillerasabiologicalcarrier,havesignificantinfluencesonthegrowth,structureandactivityofthebiofilm.Thesuitablefillermaypromoteformationofbiofilmandstart-upofthesystem,improvethesystemtreatmentefficiency,reducetheoperationcost.Therefore,thedevelopmentofnewfillerhasbeenahotresearchinthefieldofwastewatertreatment.Polyurethane(PU)fillerhasmanyadvantagessuchashighporosity,anappropriateporesize,lowdensityandsoon.PUfillerhasbeensuccessfullyusedinavarietyoforganicwastewatertreatment.ButthenitrogenremovalefficiencyofPUbiofilmsystemanditsbiologicalmechanismisstillalackofresearch,whichlimitsitspopularizationandapplicationinnitrogenremovalofwastewatertreatment.Thisexperimentregardedself-developedmodifiedPUfiller(MPU),buildasequencingbatchbiofilmreactor(SBBR)biofilmwastewaternitrogenremovalsystem,andinvestigatethenitrogenremovalefficiency,establishthenitrificationanddenitrificationkineticmodel,analysisdistributioncharacteristicsofthenitrifyingfunctionalbacteria,providesthematerial,technicalandtheoreticalsupportfortheconstructionofefficientbiolog
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