我国人民陪审员制度的完善——以缓和司法与民意冲突为视角-the perfection of chinese peoples jury system —— from the perspective of easing the conflict between justice and public opinion.docxVIP
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我国人民陪审员制度的完善——以缓和司法与民意冲突为视角-the perfection of chinese peoples jury system —— from the perspective of easing the conflict between justice and public opinion
摘要我国当今社会中,司法与民意的冲突日渐显现于大众视野,对此,很 多具有影响力的案件如“许霆案”和“李昌奎案”等可以佐证。由这些冲 突可以发现我国民众对于司法机关的信任度很低,在案件审判结果与朴素 是非观下的个人理解产生冲突时,首先想到的就是司法腐败、黑幕之类, 法院公信力下降。解决二者的冲突是一项长期而浩大的工程,在此不作分 析,仅仅从法律制度完善角度锁定有民众参与审判的具备政治性和民主性 的人民陪审员制度。陪审制度在一定程度上实现了公民直接参与司法,而制度的适用则能 进一步实现司法民主与司法公正,遏制司法腐败,提升司法公信力,缓解 冲突。陪审制度在国外有着深厚的发展根基,而在我国仅仅只有几十年的 历史。要使得人民陪审员制度发挥其相应的功能,必须了解其基本情况, 包括产生和发展历史,在我国的实践状况,以此为基础分析出我国人民陪 审员制度中存在的问题予以完善。从世界范围看,在不同的文化背景和诉讼模式下,陪审制度主要发展 成为两种模式:陪审团制和参审制。我国的人民陪审员制度实质上可以归 纳到参审制的范畴。建国后的第一部宪法对其法律地位进行了确认,然而 在后来的文化大革命影响下,司法体制崩塌,之后的 1982 年宪法没有对其 进行确认,仅仅是《法院组织法》和诉讼法对制度的适用作了选择性规定。 2005 年 5 月 1 日起施行的《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》,是我国人民摘 要陪审员制度发展史上重要的里程碑,它首次以单行法的形式全面规范了我国人民陪审员制度的运行机制。 从实践中总结以及国外实施情况的比较,我国这项制度中的问题主要体现在制度本身设计和社会实践中认知度认同度低两个方面。对于其完善 措施,移植英美法系的陪审团制度很显然是不可能的。法治理念的差异, 人口众多,纠纷矛盾数量可观,经济能力相较薄弱,法制体系的差异导致 了陪审团制在我国没有其生存土壤;陪审团制度本身的不稳定性等制度本 身的缺陷也使得移植陪审团制十分的不必要。所以在当前,细化制度设计 是最稳妥的优化路径。关键词:陪审制度,司法,民意,冲突ABSTRACTIn current society of our country, judicial and public opinion conflicts day fade-in is now on public view, to this, many influential cases such as the Us Ting case and case of Li Changkui and other support. These conflicts can be found by Chinese people for judicial trust degree is very low, in the case of trial results with simple non values under the personal understanding of the conflict, the first thought is the judicial corruption, shady, declining credibility, court. To solve the conflict of the two is a long and huge project, this is not only to improve the legal system of analysis, from the angle of public participation in the trial of the lock with politics and democracy of the peoples jury system.The jury system to a certain extent in the citizens to directly participate in judicial system, and the application can further realize judicial democracy and judicial justice, curb judicial corruption, improve the public credibility of the judiciary, and alleviate the conflict. The jury system in foreign countries has a strong foundation for development, and in our country only history of a few years. To m
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