信息控制与边疆安全——以宋夏为例-information control and border security - taking song xia as an example.docxVIP

内 容 摘 要宋朝自建立之日起，先后与辽、西夏、金等少数民族政权鼎立对峙，边境纷 争，战乱不断。为保障边境的安全与稳定，宋王朝采取了驻兵屯守、修筑堡寨等 防御措施。然而，辽、西夏、金等少数民族政权在对宋发动军事行动的同时，还 不断地通过各种手段，搜集网罗有关宋朝军事、政治机密的信息情报，以此转化 为军事战争或外交上的胜利。例如，宋代科举的不断发展，造成科举录取名额与贡举名额比例的失调，使 得大批士子科举落榜，落榜后的文人士子为生活所需，或者出于报复宋王朝，投 奔西夏，成为西夏王朝的重要谋士，在宋夏双方的战事中发挥重要作用；印刷事 业的不断繁荣，书籍刻印与传播之盛蔚为大观，但其中有关边防军政机密文字或 地图流入西夏后，给宋朝的边疆防务造成被动的局面；经过特殊训练，身有重要 任务的间谍假扮成商人或使者潜入宋境，直接造成情报的外泄。故加强边境地区 信息情报的控制与管理，成为宋朝边疆政策的重要内容。所以，本文以宋夏之间情报信息的流动为视角，探讨刀戈纷争的正面战场背 后，情报信息与边防安全的关系。关键词：宋夏边疆安全信息情报AbstractSince the Song Dynasty having established,confrontation with the Liao, Western Xia, Jin and another minority regimes aroused one after another, and border disputed wars continued. To protect the security and stability of the border, the Song Dynasty adopted defensive measures in soldier stationary reclamation, construction of forts etc.. However, the Liao, Western Xia, Jin and another minority regimes launched military operations in the Song.Meanwhile,they also continuously collected the Song military, political information and intelligence through various means, which turned into the victory of the military war or diplomacy.For example,with the Song Dynasty Imperial Examination continuous development,the unbalance between the proportion of admission quotas and the candidates made a large number of literati and scholars fail .For getting job or revenge on Song Dynasty, they became important Counselors of Western Xia , and played an important role in the wars between Song and Western Xia dynasties. As the printing industry continuing to boom, the confidential textes or maps about frontier garrisons flew into Western Xia following the spread of the book and resulted in the passive situation of border defense of Song Dynasty;Through special training, the body of spies disgused as businessmen or messenger and sneaked into the territory of Song with an important task, it made direct impact on information leakage. Therefore, strengthening control and management of border information and intelligence became an