计算机网络(英文版)习题答案.docVIP

Andrew S. Tanenbaum. Computer Networks(Fourth Edition). 北京：清华大学出版社，2004. COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION Andrew S. Tanenbaum1 Introduction Computer Network: A collection of autonomous computers（自主计算机） interconnected. Computer Network is composed of hosts, protocols and communication-subnet. The hardware and the OS are visible to the users. If a user wants run a program on a remote machine, he has to log onto that machine and run it there. Distributed System: A collection of autonomous(independent) computers is transparency（透明的）to its users. It is a software system built on top of a network. Thus, the key distinction between a network and a distributed system is the software (especially the operating system: NOS and Distributed OS), rather than the hardware. The development of computer network:(additional) (1) First, Terminal-oriented network. Computing technology combine with communication technology. Circuit-exchange(电路交换): Connection establishment, Data transform, Connection release. (2) Second, Packet-exchange network: 1969.11, ARPANET Compare Circuit-exchange, Packet-exchange and Message-exchange (3) Architecture of network: ISO: OSI/RM(开放系统互连基本参考模型,Reference model) Internet: TCP/IP IBM: SNA(系统网络体系结构)，1974，the first architecture of network Digital: DNA(Distributed network architecture, 分布式系统体系结构) (4) Wide Band(Broad band) network Broad Band and Integrated Uses of Computer Networks Business Application The goals of the computer network: Resource sharing（hardware and software资源共享） High reliability（高可靠性） Saving money（节约经费） Expansion（可扩充性） Communication medium（通信手段） 1.1.2 Public Application Access to remote information(访问远程信息) Person tom person communication(个人间通信) Interactive entertainment(交互式娱乐) E－commerce(电子商务) Mobile users(移动用户) 1.1.3 Social Issues 1.2 Network Hardware Broadly speaking(从广义上讲)，two types of transmission technology: 1. Broadcast links 2. Point-to-point links Broadcast network(广播式网络)：broadcasting and multicasting Poi