托福--综合写作.pptVIP

Reading vs Listening Reading Listening Integrated Writing Integrated Writing ParaphraseDefinition Paraphrase 驳斥段结尾部分 两种形式 1. Speaker 驳斥 Author 驳斥：rebuke, refute, question, argue, reject, refuse, contradict, attack 2. Author的观点是没有根据的 Author的观点受到了Speaker的挑战（被动语态） 挑战：challenged, suspected, defy Example: Thus, the evidence effectively attacks the author’s argument (that….). Based on this point, the author’s comment (on …..) is totally groundless. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates. This was another part where experience contradicted theory. * Integrated Writing 用词 首段修饰（Syntactic Variety） 驳斥段中间部分（Paraphrase） 驳斥段结尾部分 Integrated Writing （词） Reading | Listening The writer, The author, The passage The speaker, The lecturer, The professor The lecture 主语 表明： discuss, introduce, conclude, suggest, recommend, propose, appeal 提议： advice, appeal, proposal, plan, scheme, recommend（ation） 不同意：disagree, disapproval, object to, oppose, counter, be against, charge 驳斥： rebuke, refute, rebut question, argue, reject, refuse, contradict 缺少证据：groundless, unwarranted, improper, inappropriate 首段修饰 （ Syntactic Variety ） The speaker raises serious counterarguments against the reading passage by providing drastically different evidence regarding the advantages of group working pattern. The speaker rebuts the reading’s argument by pointing out the inadequacy of group working, and by undermining the assumption that group members benefit much from cooperation. The speaker questions the effectiveness of group working by proving evidences contradictory to the reading. The speaker challenges the reasoning that supports the group working style, and provides very specific alternatives to the author’s viewpoints. The speaker refutes the reading’s argument about the benefits of team working by proving the contradictory evidence about its efficiency, effectiveness and members’ behaviors. As opposed to th