玉米ga1-s基因的遗传定位及其杂交不亲和机理的分析-genetic mapping of ga1 - s gene in maize and analysis of its hybridization incompatibility mechanism.docxVIP

中文摘要配子体基因是影响单倍体配子有性传递的遗传因子。Ga1-S来自爆裂玉米，是目前发现的单向杂交不亲和性最彻底的玉米配子体基因之一，是研究玉米传粉授精过程中基因互作和信号传导及不亲和机理的珍贵突变体。用含有Ga1-S的爆裂玉米给马齿或硬粒玉米授粉可正常结实，反交则不结实。利用Ga1-S基因可防止转基因玉米基因扩散，实现制种和生产的有效隔离。本研究以Ga1-S基因近等基因系（w22和w119/Ga1-S）为材料，研究不育的机理，并利用SSR、CAPS等分子标记技术，寻找与Ga1-S基因紧密连锁的多态性分子标记，通过(w22×w119/Ga1-S)F1BC1代分离群体计算其与Ga1-S的遗传交换距离，构建Ga1-S的精确遗传图,获得主要结果如下:1）异源花粉在花粉管中的伸长受阻是Ga1-S玉米异交不亲和的主要原因，普通玉米花粉在W119/Ga1-S（GG）花柱上可以萌发，但花粉管伸长在花柱中受到抑制，使花粉管生长缓慢最终停止生长。2）在授粉2小时后花粉管在花柱内的生长速率出现差异，授粉2小时后，普通玉米花粉在W119/Ga1-S（GG）花柱中的花粉管生长缓慢，Ga基因有所表达，而W119/Ga1-S（GG）花粉在W119/Ga1-S（GG）花柱中的花粉管生长伸长迅速增加。3）确定了花粉管在花柱内伸长停止的时间与相对位置，在授粉23小时的时候花粉管伸长已经停止，可育组合的花粉管已经到达花柱根部，不育组合未到达，停止伸长在花柱约17%的位置。4）我们前期利用136对SSR标记进行多态性筛选，用回交群体将Ga-S基因定位在标记umc1682和umc1294之间，遗传距离约为20cM。关键词：玉米；配子体基因Ga1-S；遗传定位;杂交不亲和机理GeneticMappingofGa1-SanditsMechanismofCross-IncompatibilityinMaizeAbstractGametophytegenesaffectthesexualtransmissionofhaploidgametesinmaize.Ga1-Sderivedfrompop-corn,isoneofthemostthoroughone-waycross-incompatibilegenes.Itisauniquemutanttostudygeneinteractionintheprocessoffertilizationandsignaltransductionandmechanismofincompatibility.Cornsofga1-s/ga1-sgenotypepollinatedbycornswithGa1-S/Ga1-Scanproducefullsetsofseeds;therecipricalcross,however,cannot.UsingtheGa1-Sgenecanpreventtransgenecontaminationbetweentransgenicandtraditionalcorns.Theobjectivesofthisstudyareto1)finemapGa1-Sgeneand2)studyitsmechanismofgeneactionusingw22andw119/Ga1-Smaizeisogeniclines,Themainresultsareasfollows:1）HeterologouspollentubeelongatingobstructionintoGa1-ScausedhybridincompatibilityexceptforinW119/Ga1-S(GG),butthestylecangerminationinthestyleofpollentubeelongationisrestrained,makethepollentubegrowthslowfinallystopgrowing.2）Twohoursafterpollinationinthedifferentmaterials,maizepollentubeofW119/Ga1-S(GG)growslowerthanothersbecauseoftheexpressionofGagene,whileW119/Ga1-S(GG)pollentubegrowninW119/Ga1-S(GG)elongationincreasedrapidly.3）Inthisstudy,weidentificatedthetimeandpositionofthepollentubeofdifferentmaterials.23hoursafterpollination,pollentubeoffertilereachedovary,butsteriles