基于异构多核pac的机器人控制器分析-analysis of robot controller based on heterogeneous multicore pac.docxVIP
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基于异构多核pac的机器人控制器分析-analysis of robot controller based on heterogeneous multicore pac
摘要伴随着人工智能、计算机科学、传感器技术及其它相关学科的快速发展,人们对机 器人控制器的性能提出更高的要求,并提出了将 PAC 控制器用于机器人控制。目前大 部分 PAC 仍然采用 PLC 所使用的单一微处理器(MCU)的模式,容易导致多任务系统 下的实时性问题。也有人提出采用多核集成 IC 控制器通过 OS(Operating System)进行 任务调度,这使整个系统的稳定性与安全性建立在 OS 上。针对这一问题,本文设计了 可满足多任务的实时性、安全性与稳定性、可重组的基于异构多核 PAC 的机器人控制 器。为了验证异构多核 PAC 机器人控制器,设计了四自由度钢丝绳传动机械臂。传统 工业机械臂普遍都将减速器,驱动电机和关节轴都安装在相应的连接关节附近,下一级 关节的驱动电机和减速器都会成为上一级关节的额外负载。本文设计的钢丝绳传动机械 臂可以改善这个缺点,它包括张紧装置设计,张紧实现原理,力矩计算和步进电机选型 和整体结构设计。接着采用 D-H 方法建立机械臂坐标系模型,借助于 Matlab 机器人工 具箱 Robotics Toolbox 对四自由度机械臂进行运动学正逆解和五次插值的轨迹规划。本文重点对基于异构多核 PAC 机器人控制器进行研究,介绍了异构多核 PAC 机器 人控制器硬件整体设计和软件。硬件部分定义了用于控制器模拟主板、数字 I/O 主板和 运动控制主板间通信中断响应式主从机切换的增强型 SPI 通信,以及 3 块主板间的独立 态和组合态实现方法。详细介绍了异步多核调试器的硬件设计和 8 路单端或 16 路差分 信号的模拟输入采集电路。软件部分包括下载调试的 USB 虚拟串口通信应用开发, STM32F103 的异步多核 ISP 下载和 ARM Cortex-M3 的 JTAG 调试。在 JTAG 调试部分 根据调试原理编写底层函数,实现复位停机、断点、读取 R0-R15 寄存器等调试功能。 通过实验验证了 PAC 的功能,证明此 PAC 的设计是可行的。关键词:钢丝绳传动,运动学正逆解,PAC,ISP,JTAGIAbstractWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence, computer science and sensor technology, people put forward higher requirements on the performance of the robot controller. PAC, just like PLC which has only one core, is used as robot controller. This may lead to real-time problems on multitasking system. In the other way, the integrated chips with multi-core are used as robot controller too. And the task scheduled by OS which cannot guarantee the stability and security for industrial control. In order to solve this problem, a robot controller based on heterogeneous multi-core PAC which can guarantee the real-time, reconfiguration, stability and security was designed in this paper.A four-DOF robot arm based on wire rope driving was designed to verify the robot controller. For most of the traditional robot arm, the driving motor, reducer and joint axis are installed near the connection joint, which leads to additional loads to the next joint. The four-DOF robot arm based on wire rope driving can improve this drawback. It includes tensioner and whole structure design, torque analysis and
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