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基于噪声增强的信号检测算法分析-analysis of signal detection algorithm based on noise enhancement
摘要小到一个原子大到全宇宙,噪声无处不在,理解和掌握噪声的分布和性能是 现代科学中的一个非常重要的研究问题之一。一般而言,噪声常常与有用信号共 存,系统中噪声越多会导致信道容量越小,使得检测性能变得更加糟糕。然而, 随着随机共振理论的发展,噪声在信号检测中的积极作用也逐渐被人们所认可, 通常被称为噪声增强。本文针对固定检测器,以二元假设检验问题为例,首先介 绍了奈曼-皮尔逊准则框架下的噪声增强信号检测问题;其次,研究了使检测概率 和虚警概率同时得到改善的噪声增强问题;最后,针对线性二阶检测器,研究了 噪声增强输出信噪比的同时改善检测性能的问题。本文主要创新点和工作如下:在目前仅以提高检测概率为目的的噪声增强方法中给出了更具有实际意义的 新模型,即可同时使得虚警概率降低和检测概率提高的加性噪声增强检测性能的模型;并可根据实际需要调整该模型中的一个可变参数,即可实现不同改善程度的检测概率与虚警概率; 为实现新模型下最优噪声的求解,详细分析了在保证检测概率一定时,使得虚警概率最小的噪声增强问题,在本文中视为情况①,以及在虚警概率一定时,使得检测概率最大的噪声增强问题视为情况②。分别给出了情况①与情况②所对 应最优噪声的求解方法,并利用新模型所对应噪声为情况①与情况②对应噪声的概率密度函数凸组合的特性,给出了新模型下以总体性能改善度为目标的加性噪声的求解方法; 给出了能够通过加入噪声实现情况①,情况②和新模型中检测性能改善时,所需满足的充分条件。并根据贝叶斯代价的推导,得出新模型下对应的噪声即是满足在贝叶斯准则或最大最小准则下使得贝叶斯代价最小化时对应的噪声; 提出了在提高输出信噪比的同时,使得检测器判决的检测概率和虚警概率同时改善的构想。不仅推导了噪声增强输出信噪比及对应加性噪声所需要满足的条件,并针对相同的非最优线性二次检测器,分析了适合的可以使得检测概率和虚 警概率同时改善的加性噪声。进一步综合两方面性能,给出实现提高输出信噪比和检测性能对应噪声所需满足的充分条件。关键词:噪声增强,检测概率,虚警概率,输出信噪比,线性二阶检测器ABSTRACTFrom an atom to the whole universe, noise exists everywhere. It is an essential research to understand and handle the distribution and characteristic of noise in modern science. In general, noise always exists with useful signal, and more noise in the system often leads to less channel capacity, worse detectability. Nevertheless, with the development of stochastic resonance (SR) the theory, the positive role of noise in the signal detection have been recognized by people, which also called noise enhanced detection. In this paper, a noise enhanced binary hypotheses testing problem for a fixed detector is explored. Firstly, the derivation of the noise enhanced detection probability according to Neyman-Pearson criterion is introduced. Secondly, the noise enhanced model which can enhance the detection and false alarm probabilities simultaneously is investigated. Finally, the noise enhanced output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with improving the detection performance for a fixed linear-quadratic (L-Q) detector isstudied。The main contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:Under the prem
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