第1章：现代英语词汇学概论【A general servey of English vocabulary】PPT.ppt

现代英语词汇学概论Introduction to Modern English Lexicology ; Chapter 1;;1.The Definition of the term “word”  词的定义;1.1一个词是什么？;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;2 The Development of English Vocabulary;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;当代英语词汇的发展;;;;;3 Classification of English Words（英语词汇的分类）;1、By origin: 1. native words 本族词（Native words: words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of old English） 2. loan words 外来词（Loan / borrowed words: those borrowed from other languages） Features of native words: Most are monosyllabic forming the great majority of the basic word stock Basic word stock: auxiliary, modal verbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, the most frequently used words (essential to life) National character Stability Word-forming ability Ability to form collocations ;2、By level of usage: 1. Common words 普通词 2. Literary words 书面词 3. Colloquial words 口头词 4. Slang words 俚语 5. Technical words 术语 Note: There are no clear-cut boundaries between the various classes of words.; Common words/普通词: connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to every day life The core of the common words is the basic word stock. Stylistically neutral Literary words/书面词: chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches. Most are of French, Latin or Greek origin. Among the literary word, two categories are noteworthy: archaic words (c.f. obsolete words) poetical words ;Slang/俚语: Language, words or phrases of a vigorous, colorful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary Not generally used in informal conversation unless the speakers are on intimate terms Embracing those daring and new expression that have not been accepted as standard English The chief reason for use of slang: secure freshness and novelty Technical words/术语: used in var