抗生素英文课件精品ANTIMICROBIALS（35p）.pptVIP

ANTIMICROBIALS ANTIMICROBIALS = DRUGS THAT COUTERACT INFECTION Work in 2 ways: Some have the capacity to kill the organism by attacking a part of it that the patient doesn’t have. Some have the ability to inhibit the growth of the organism by injuring it and relying on the patient’s immune system to kill the organism. ANTIMICROBIALS TYPES: ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIFUNGALS, ANTIVIRALS, ANTIPARASITICS ANTIBIOTICS Chemicals that work ONLY on BACTERIA SPECTRUM OF ACTION: The range of bacteria on which the agent is effective. Based on Gram Stain BROAD SPECTRUM: Act on both gram positive and gram negative bacteria NARROW SPECTRUM: Act on either gram positive or gram negative bacteria ANTIBIOTICS BACTERICIDAL ANTIBIOTICS – Antibiotics that kill the bacteria that they act against. METHODS: Either damage key bacterial structures of actively dividing bacteria during development OR Disrupt cell membranes or protein synthesis of the bacteria and cause bacterial death in existing and multiplying bacteria ANTIBIOTICS BACTERIOSTATIC ANTIBIOTICS – Antibiotics that inhibit the growth or replication of bacteria. METHOD: Prevent the division of bacteria GOAL OF BOTH METHODS IS TO ATTACK BACTERIA AND NOT HURT THE ANIMAL THAT IS BEING TREATED ANTIBIOTICS HOW DO DOCTORS KNOW WHICH ANTIBIOTIC TO CHOOSE? They start with choosing one that is effective against a particular bacterium, reaches the site of infection, and one that the animal can tolerate. HOW DO THEY KNOW THIS? ANTIOBIOTICS Specific antibiotics are tested against specific bacteria in a laboratory setting using two tests: Agar Diffusion Test (aka antibiotic sensitivity test) and the Broth Dilution Method. This is also known as culture and sensitivity testing. AGAR DIFFUSION TEST Used to determine if a particular bacterium is susceptible to a particular antibiotic Antibiotic-impregnated discs are placed onto agar plated that are streaked with the specific bacteria being tested. Culture media, amount of bacteria used, and