抗菌药物组成（英文PPT）ANTIBACTERIAL.pptVIP

ANTI-BACTERIAL Compounds Germicide / antiseptic on skin disinfectant on things External use – most are oxidants: Cl2, O3, I2, NaOCl, H2O2, KMnO4, Chloramine-T Chloramine-T Phenol(s) Triclosan Methyl salicylate Phenols: generally toxic through skin but 1.5 % is tolerable egs. Lysol (= p-cresol), TCP (= trichlorophenol), phenol (carbolic acid, R=H), Triclosan Listerine contains menthol, thymol, methyl salicylate and eucalyptol Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - Mouthwash - R4N+ X- Cetyl pyridinium bromide Domiphen bromide (Life, Safeway brands, etc.) Cetrimonium bromide is (CH3)3N+(CH2)15CH3 Br- = cetrimide Chlorhexidine – for gingivitis INTERNAL USE: Bacteria divided into Gram +ve and Gram -ve groups: Crystal violet stain turns both purple but only Gram +ve reamin so after I2 treatment and an acetone-alcohol-water wash Gram +ve have thick walls with no outer membrane and trap stain egs. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pneumonococcus Game –ve have thin walls with inner and outer membranes and do NOT retain the stain egs. Meningitis, Salmonella, E. Coli, Pseudomonas TB (tuberculosis, consumption) (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) destroys lung tissue, still kills ca. 1-2M / y WHO estimates 1/3 pop of earth carries TB bacterium TB vaccine essentially wiped out TB in the West but ca. 424K/y drug resistant cases (ca. 30K/y are VERY drug resistant) UVic case February 2009 rifampicin and isoniazid are most common treatment but procedure is long and many cut it short: as a result 1.2% of cases are resistant Serious concerns that TB could reappear in West: No new drugs for 40 years but ~ 30 now under study A new Johnson Johnson drug (R207910) is under trials that inhibits ATP synthase Bayer is in trials with moxifloxacin Novartis is in trials with a nitroimidazole THE SULFA DRUGS: effective against most Gram +ve, some Gram –ve FOLIC ACID PABA p-aminobenzoic acid We eat folic acid; bacteria make it from PABA: we can