美国国会简介PPTPPT课件.ppt

Congress,United States 美国国会 The Federal System and Congress 美国国会大厦（United States Capitol） 美国国会大厦（United States Capitol）是美国国会所在地，位于美国首都华盛顿—哥伦比亚特区（Washington.D.C）。美国人把国会大厦称为Capitol，把它看做是民有、民治、民享政权的最高象征。国会大厦1793年9月18日由华盛顿总统亲自奠基，1800年投入使用。1814年第二次美英战争期间被英国人焚烧，部分建筑被毁。后增建了参众两院会议室、圆形屋顶和圆形大厅，并多次改建和扩建。 The Three Basic Principles of The US Political System The Membership and Powers of Congress 美国的政治制度的三项基本原则成员和国会的权力 Cotents The three basic principles Federalism联邦制 The separation of powers and Respect for the constitution 分离的权力和尊重宪法 The rule of the law法治 Federalism The division of powers by a constitution between the central and the state government Two levels, the national and the state. 该部门的权力中央和国家政府之间的宪法两个层面，国家和国家。 The separation of powers and Respect for the constitution Divide powers into three branches Legislative 立法 Executive 执行 Judicial 司法 the House of Representatives众议院 Members of the House are elected directly by the voters for a two-year term. Members of the House must be 25 years old and must have been citizens for seven years. the Senate The senator serves a six-year term. 参议员供应，任期六年。 Senators must be at least 30 and must have been American citizens for nine years. 参议员必须至少有30九年必须是美国公民。 Powers of Congress The Constitution of the United States grants Congress in national government “all legislative powers” The Specific Powers The Implied Powers The Specific Powers The rights to collect taxes,regulate foreign and domestic commerce,coin money,declare war,support an army and navy,and establish lower federal courts. Congress can admit new states to the Union,propose amendments to the constitution,collect federal income taxes,and enforce protection and extension of civil right. 收税的权利，规范外资和国内商业，硬币钱，宣战，支持陆军和海军，并建立下级联邦法院。国会可以承认新的国家联盟，提出宪法修正案，收集联邦所得税，并执行民事权利的保护和扩展的。 The Implied Powers They derive from the right of the Congress to make all laws “necessary and proper “ to carry out its specific powers. 他们来自国会的权利，使所有的法律“必要和适当”，以