抗生素选用的一般原则（英文PPT）INTRODUCTION TO ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY（General Principles）课件.ppt

INTRODUCTION TO ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY(General Principles) INTRODUCTION TO ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY(General Principles) CONJUGATION EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION THERAPY Important Host Determinants Untoward Effects of Antibiotics ?-LACTAMS (penicillins cephalosporins) AND ?-LACTAM RELATED AGENTS PROTOTYPES (?-lactams related agents) Antimicrobial Spectrum (therapeutic uses) ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION MECHANISMS OF ?-LACTAM Semisynthetic Penicillins HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION TO ?-LACTAMS SOME PRECAUTIONS FOR POTENTIAL ?-LACTAM ALLERGY ?-Lactam Related Compounds SULFONAMIDES, TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE, QUINOLONES, URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTICS Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 1. Mechanism of action (advantages of the combination) 2. Currently important therapeutic uses 3. Significant untoward effectsUrinary tract antiseptics and related agents 1. Definition 2. Nomenclatures of common prototype (sulfonamide, etc)PROTOTYPES:SULFONAMIDES: sulfadiazine; silver sulfadiazine; sulfacetamide; sulfisoxazole; sulfasalazine; sulfadoxine.TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE:QUINOLONES: nalidixic acid; ciprofloxacin; ofloxacin; sparfloxacinURINARY TRACT ANTISEPTIC: methenamineURINARY TRACT ANTISEPTIC RELATED AGENT: phenazopyridine  Untoward effects of sulfonamides ACTION MECHANISM OF TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE Therapeutic uses POSSIBLE UNTOWARD EFFECTS OF tm-sm Pharmacokinetics of quinolones Therapeutic uses of quinolones Untoward effects of quinolones MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBIOTICS Prototypes: Macrolides: (erythromycin; azithromycin; clarithromycin)  Clindamycin Spectinomycin Vancomycin Polymyxin Bacitracin Summary of Miscellaneous Antibiotics (1): Summary of Miscellaneous Antibiotics (2): Summary of Miscellaneous Antibiotics (3): Summary of Miscellaneous Antibiotics (4): AGENTS THAT MAY REPLACE METHICILLIN WHEN RESISTANCE TO METHICILLIN DEVELOPS CHEMOTHERAPY OF MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES PROTOTYPES FIRST LINE DRUGS MECHANISM OF ACTI