2第二章 微生物学基本实验操作及常见微生物PPT.ppt

Chapter 2 The experimental basis of microbiology and microorganisms 微生物学基本实验操作及常见微生物;Size, Shape, and Arrangement of Bacterial Cells 细菌细胞的大小、形态及其排列方式;;The thousands of species of bacteria are differentiated by many factors, including morphology (shape), chemical composition (often detected by staining reactions), nutritional requirements, biochemical activities, and source of energy (sunlight or chemicals) 细菌鉴定的参数： 形态学鉴定 （显微观察） 化学组分分析（染色） 生理生化检测（营养、生化活性、能源） ;Arrangement of Spherical Bacterial Cells 球菌细胞排列方式;Staphylococcus - facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive, usually form irregular clusters, nonmotile, catalase positive but oxidase negative, ferment glucose anaerobically. 葡萄球菌——兼性厌氧， G+，通常细胞排列为无规则丛生，不运动，触酶阳性 ，氧化酶阴性 ，厌氧发酵葡萄糖;Streptococcus - facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic, catalase negative, gram-positive, Cell arranges in pairs or chains, usually nonmotile, A few species are anaerobic rather than facultative. 链球菌——兼性厌氧或微好氧，触酶阳性 ， G+，细胞排列成对或链状，通常不运动。少数种类厌氧。;Rod-shaped bacteria 杆 菌;Clostridium botulinus肉毒梭菌 C. butyricum酪酸梭菌 C. aceticum 醋酸梭菌 C. tetani 破伤风梭菌 C. putrificum 腐败梭菌 ;Nonspore - forming rod shaped bacteria 无芽孢杆菌 Most nonspore – forming rod shaped bacteria are Gram- 几乎所有无芽孢杆菌G- ;Vibrio, Spirillum and Spirochete 弧菌、螺旋菌、螺旋体;;Actinomycetes 放线菌;Shape of Actinomycetes 常见放线菌的形态;Various types of spore-bearing structures on the streptomyces 链霉菌不同特征孢子丝形态 P30;Chain of conidiospores 孢子丝;Representive genera/代表属: Streptomyces 链霉菌属 Nocardia 诺卡氏菌属 Actinomyces 放线菌属 Micromonospora 小单孢菌属 Streptosporangium 链孢囊菌属 Actinoplanes 游动放线菌 Frankia 弗兰克氏菌属 ;Ecology and isolation of Streptomyces: Alkaline and neutral soils are more favorable for the development of Streptomyces than are acid soils. Streptomyces require a lower water potential for growth than many other soil bacteria. Media often selective for Streptomyces contain the usual assortment of i