动词不定式的作用grammar.pptVIP

动词不定式的时态和语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 形 式 主 动 被 动 to be done to have been done 动词不定式的作用to+动词原形 主语 (subject) 宾语 (object) 表语 (predicative) 定语 (attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 宾补 (object complement) 不能作谓语。 主语(S) ⒈不定式作主语 句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To be a teacher is my ambition. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。 It is not good to sleep during the class. 作表语(P) 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作 。 Eg：My dream is to be a singer. His job is to catch the bad man. 1. Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. × √ √ × 2. All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. 如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do，用作 表语的不定式可省略to 作宾语(O) Eg：We must learn to work hard and to save money. 我们必须学会勤俭节约。 I decide to study hard. 我决心努力学习。 作宾补（Oc） Eg：My Mum didn’t allow me to fall in love with her. Nobody wants you to do like that. 注意：使役动词make, have, let;感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。 Eg: His conduct made me laugh. I notice a beautiful girl sit here. I didn’t ask you to pay for the meal. They have warned us to be careful of rats. 不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to “感觉” feel “听” hear, listen to “使役动词”have, make, let “看” see, look at, observe, watch, notice 但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原： 1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree. 2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week. 作定语(A) Eg：There are so many words to say. The man to arrive is my uncle. 要来的那个人是我的叔叔。 区分：动名词作定语表示正在进行 Eg：The man standing there is my uncle. 正站在那里的那个人是我的叔叔 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系： (1)表示将来的动作。 (2)与被修饰词之间有主动关系 Ⅳ. 作定语 (常常表示将来的动作) 1. 不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. Ladies and gentlemen ,I have something important to tell you .