标准闸门的底流业设计外文翻译.doc

外文原文 Experiments in Fluids 27 (1999) 339—350 Springer-Verlag 1999 Underflow of standard sluice gate Roth, W. H. Hager 1. Introduction Gates are a hydraulic structure that allows regulation of an upstream water elevation. Among a wide number of gate designs, the so-called standard gate with a vertical gate structure containing a standard crest positioned in an almost horizontal smooth rectangular channel has particular significance in low head applications. Surface roughness of both the channel and the gate is small and thus insignificant. Standard gates are used both in laboratories and in irrigation channels, large sewers or in hydraulic structures. Compared to overflow structures, or in particular to the sharp-crested weir, standard gates have received scarce attention. The knowledge is particularly poor regarding the basic hydraulics, whereas studies relating to vibration of these gates are available. The present project describes new findings on standard gate flow, involving: (1) Scale effects; (2) Coefficient of discharge; (3) Surface Ridge; (4) Features of shock waves; (5) Velocity field; (6) Bottom and gate pressure distributions; (7) Corner vortices; and (8) Vortex intensities. A novel device to reduce shock waves in the downstream channel is also proposed. 2. Present knowledge The present knowledge on gates was recently summarized by Lewin (1995). There is a short chapter on vertical gates containing some information on discharge and contraction coefficients,with a relatively large scatter of data. This reflects the present state, and gate flow is far from being understood from this point of view, therefore. Historical studies on underflow gates are available, and it is currently a common belief that the discharge character is tics of vertical gates have been detailed in the past century. This is definitely not the case, because of the accuracy of discharge measurement, and the small hydraulic models often used. Well known approaches include those of Boile